Java

vibssingh

Hard Assert and Soft Assert in TestNG

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This tutorial will discuss Hard Assert and Soft Assert in TestNG. Before starting with Hard and Soft Assert, go through What is Assert in TestNG.

Table of Contents

  1. What is Assertion?
    1. What is Hard Assert?
    2. What is Soft Assert?
    3. AssertAll

What is Assertion?

Assertions in TestNG are a way to verify that the expected result and the actual result match not in the test case.  A test is considered successful ONLY if it is completed without throwing any exceptions. An example of assertion can be logging into the website, checking the title of the webpage, verifying the functionality of an input box that takes only integers, etc.

If the project is a Maven project, then please add the latest TestNG dependency in the pom.xml.

 <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
            <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
            <version>7.10.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
 </dependency>

What is Hard Assert?

Hard Assertion throws AssertionError immediately when an Assert Condition fails and moves to the next @Test method

Suppose, there are 2 assertions in a Test and the first assertion fails, then HardAssertion does not execute the second Assertion Condition and declares the test as failed

As you can see in the below example, there are 2 assert conditions under Test – AssertionFailure(). As the first Assert Condition fails, it moved directly to the second test without executing another Assert Condition.

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxOptions;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class HardAssertionDemo {

    @Test
    public void AssertionFailure() {

        FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions();
        WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(firefoxOptions);

        driver.get("https://duckduckgo.com/");
        String expectedTitle = "DuckDuckGo";

        String actualTitle = driver.getTitle();
        String actualText1 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@class='homepage-cta-section_title__Lovig heading_heading2__oEFPn heading_heading__IiMSV']")).getText();

        /* Hard Assert */
        System.out.println("Verify Title :" + actualTitle);
        Assert.assertEquals(actualTitle, expectedTitle, "Incorrect page title");

        System.out.println("Verify Text :" + actualText1);
        Assert.assertEquals(actualText1, "Privacy Protection For Any Device");

        driver.quit();
    }

    @Test
    public void print() {
        System.out.println("Hard Assertion is displayed");
    }
}

The output of the above program is

What is Soft Assert?

To overcome the above-mentioned problem, there is another type of assertion called Soft Assert.

Soft Assert does not throw an exception when an Assert Condition fails, and continues with the next step after the Assert Condition.

Soft assert does not include by default in TestNG. For this, you need to include the below package :

org.testng.asserts.SoftAssert;

The first step is to create an instance of SoftAssert class.

SoftAssert softAssertion = new SoftAssert();

After this, we can use this softAssert variable instead of hard assert.

 softAssertion.assertEquals(expectedTitle, actualTitle, "Incorrect page title");

Create an object of SoftAssertion to run Assert Conditions

Below is an example of a Soft Assert.

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxOptions;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import org.testng.asserts.SoftAssert;

public class SoftAssertionDemo {

    @Test
    public void assertionFailure() {

        SoftAssert softAssertion = new SoftAssert();
        FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions();
        WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(firefoxOptions);

        driver.manage().window().maximize();
        driver.get("https://duckduckgo.com/");

        String expectedTitle = "DuckDuckGo";

        String actualTitle = driver.getTitle();
        String actualText1 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@class='homepage-cta-section_title__Lovig heading_heading2__oEFPn heading_heading__IiMSV']")).getText();

        /* Soft Assert */
        System.out.println("Verify Title :" + actualTitle);
        softAssertion.assertEquals(actualTitle, expectedTitle, "Incorrect page title");

        System.out.println("Verify Text :" + actualText1);
        softAssertion.assertEquals(actualText1, "Privacy Protection For Any Device");

        driver.quit();
    }

    @Test
    public void print() {
        System.out.println("Soft Assertion is displayed");
    }

}

The output of the above program is

AssertAll

If there is any exception, and you want to throw it, then you need to use assertAll() method as a last statement in the @Test and test suite again to continue with the next @Test as it is. 

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxOptions;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import org.testng.asserts.SoftAssert;

public class AssertAllDemo {


    @Test
    public void assertionFailure() {

        SoftAssert softAssertion = new SoftAssert();

        FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions();
        WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(firefoxOptions);

        driver.manage().window().maximize();
        driver.get("https://duckduckgo.com/");

        String expectedTitle = "DuckDuckGo";

        String actualTitle = driver.getTitle();
        String actualText1 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@class='homepage-cta-section_title__Lovig heading_heading2__oEFPn heading_heading__IiMSV']")).getText();


        /* AssertAll */
        System.out.println("Verify Title :" + actualTitle);
        softAssertion.assertEquals(actualTitle, expectedTitle, "Incorrect page title");

        System.out.println("Verify Text :" + actualText1);
        softAssertion.assertEquals(actualText1, "Privacy Protection For Any Device");

        softAssertion.assertAll();

        driver.quit();
    }

    @Test
    public void print() {
        System.out.println("Soft Assertion is displayed");
    }

}

The output of the above program is

In the above program, we can see that both assertions of Test – assertionFailure are executed, but as the first assertion has failed, the test – assertionFailure is marked as failed.

Congratulations on making it through this tutorial and hope you found it useful! Happy Learning!! Cheers!!

vibssingh

How to pretty print JSON using the Gson library?

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Google has developed a JSON library for Java called Gson. We can create JSON and translate it into Java objects using Gson. Gson can output JSON in compact format by default. The setPrettyPrinting() function of the GsonBuilder class must be used to set up the Gson instance in order to enable pretty printing. This method tells Gson to produce JSON that fits on a page for pretty printing.

Add the below dependency to POM.xml to use Gson API.

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
    <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
    <version>2.10.1</version>
</dependency>

Let us take an example of a JSON.

{
  "firstName" : "Vibha",
  "lastName" : "Singh",
  "age" : 30,
  "salary" : 75000.0,
  "designation" : "Manager",
  "contactNumber" : "+919999988822",
  "emailId" : "abc@test.com"
  }

Let us create a table named Employee which contains the data members same as node names in the above JSON payload and their corresponding getter and setter methods.

public class Employee {

	// private data members of POJO class
	private String firstName;
	private String lastName;
	private int age;
	private double salary;
	private String designation;
	private String contactNumber;
	private String emailId;

	// Getter and setter methods
	public String getFirstName() {
		return firstName;
	}

	public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
		this.firstName = firstName;
	}

	public String getLastName() {
		return lastName;
	}

	public void setLastName(String lastName) {
		this.lastName = lastName;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	public double getSalary() {
		return salary;
	}

	public void setSalary(double salary) {
		this.salary = salary;
	}

	public String getDesignation() {
		return designation;
	}

	public void setDesignation(String designation) {
		this.designation = designation;
	}

	public String getContactNumber() {
		return contactNumber;
	}

	public void setContactNumber(String contactNumber) {
		this.contactNumber = contactNumber;
	}

	public String getEmailId() {
		return emailId;
	}

	public void setEmailId(String emailId) {
		this.emailId = emailId;
	}

}

We will convert a Java Object to a JSON object as a String and also will write it into a .json file. There are many variations for the method toJson().

You can create a Gson instance by invoking a new Gson() if the default configuration is all you need, as shown in the below example.

  @Test
    public void withoutPretty() {

        // Create an object of POJO class
        Employee employee = new Employee();
        employee.setFirstName("Vibha");
        employee.setLastName("Singh");
        employee.setAge(30);
        employee.setSalary(75000);
        employee.setDesignation("Manager");
        employee.setContactNumber("+919999988822");
        employee.setEmailId("abc@test.com");

        Gson gson = new Gson();
        String employeeJsonPayload = gson.toJson(employee);
        System.out.println("Json :" + employeeJsonPayload);

    }

The execution message is shown below.

Syntax

public GsonBuilder setPrettyPrinting()

Below is the program to print the JSON in pretty format.

@Test
    public void withPretty() {
        // Create an object of POJO class
        Employee employee = new Employee();
        employee.setFirstName("Vibha");
        employee.setLastName("Singh");
        employee.setAge(30);
        employee.setSalary(75000);
        employee.setDesignation("Manager");
        employee.setContactNumber("+919999988822");
        employee.setEmailId("abc@test.com");

        Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().setPrettyPrinting().create();

        String json = gson.toJson(employee);

        System.out.println("Pretty Json :" + json);

    }

The output of the above program is

We are done! Congratulations on making it through this tutorial and hope you found it useful! Happy Learning!!

vibssingh

Exclude Fields from Serialization in Gson – @Expose Annotation

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The previous tutorials have explained the conversion of Java Object to JSON using Gson API. This tutorial explains the process of excluding the attributes from the JSON using Gson API.

@Expose helps control what class attributes can be serialized or deserialized.

@Expose is optional and offers two configuration parameters :

  • serialize – If true, the field marked with this annotation is written out in the JSON while serializing.
  • deserialize – If true, the field marked with this annotation is deserialized from the JSON.
@Expose(serialize = false)
private String lastName;

@Expose (serialize = false, deserialize = false)
private String emailAddress

Add the below dependency to POM.xml to use Gson API.

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
    <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
    <version>2.10.1</version>
</dependency>

Let us take an example of a JSON.

{
  "firstName": "Vibha",
  "lastName": "Singh",
  "salary": {
    "2018": 14000,
    "2012": 12000,
    "2010": 10000
  },
  "designation": "Manager",
  "emailId": [
    "abc@test.com",
    "vibha@test.com"
  ]
}

Let us create a table named Employee which contains the data members same as node names in the above JSON payload with @Expose annotation and their corresponding getter and setter methods.

package com.example.gson;

import com.google.gson.annotations.Expose;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class Employee {

    // private data members of POJO class

    @Expose(serialize = true)
    private String firstName;

    @Expose(serialize = true)
    private String lastName;

    @Expose(serialize = false)
    private int age;

    @Expose(serialize = true)
    private Map<String, BigDecimal> salary;

    @Expose()
    private String designation;

    @Expose(serialize = false)
    private String contactNumber;

    @Expose(serialize = true)
    private List<String> emailId;

    // Getter and setter methods
    public String getFirstName() {
        return firstName;
    }

    public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
    }

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Map<String, BigDecimal> getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }

    public void setSalary(Map<String, BigDecimal> salary) {
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    public String getDesignation() {
        return designation;
    }

    public void setDesignation(String designation) {
        this.designation = designation;
    }

    public String getContactNumber() {
        return contactNumber;
    }

    public void setContactNumber(String contactNumber) {
        this.contactNumber = contactNumber;
    }

    public List<String> getEmailId() {
        return emailId;
    }

    public void setEmailId(List<String> emailId) {
        this.emailId = emailId;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "(firstName: " + firstName + "," +
                "lastName: " + lastName + "," +
                "age: " + age + ", " +
                "salary: " + salary + "," +
                "designation: " + designation + ", " +
                "contactNumber: " + contactNumber + ", " +
                "emailId: " + emailId + ")";

    }
}

Suppose the attribute age and contactNumber in the Employee class should not serialize because it’s sensitive information. Hence, we must decorate these attributes with the annotation @Expose(serialize=false):

To use @Expose annotation, we must create a Gson instance by using the GsonBuilder class and its excludeFieldsWithoutExposeAnnotation() method.

import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class GsonExpose_Demo {

    @Test
    public void gsonExposeTest()  {

        // Create an object of POJO class
        Employee employee = new Employee();
        employee.setFirstName("Vibha");
        employee.setLastName("Singh");
        employee.setAge(30);
        Map<String, BigDecimal> salary = new HashMap() {{
            put("2010", new BigDecimal(10000));
            put("2012", new BigDecimal(12000));
            put("2018", new BigDecimal(14000));
        }};

        employee.setSalary(salary);
        employee.setDesignation("Manager");
        employee.setContactNumber("+919999988822");
        employee.setEmailId(Arrays.asList("abc@test.com","vibha@test.com"));

        Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().setPrettyPrinting().excludeFieldsWithoutExposeAnnotation().create();
        String employeeJsonPayload = gson.toJson(employee);
        System.out.println("Json :" + employeeJsonPayload);

    }
}

The output of the above program is shown below.

We can see here that age and contactNumber are not shown in the JSON body.

We are done! Congratulations on making it through this tutorial and hope you found it useful! Happy Learning!!

vibssingh

Hooks in Cucumber

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In this tutorial, I will explain the use of Hooks in Cucumber.

What is a Hook in Cucumber?

Hooks are blocks of code that can run at various points in the Cucumber execution cycle. They are typically used for setup and teardown of the environment before and after each scenario. These hooks do not impact the scenarios or steps for which they are used. We can declare hooks in any class.

Why do we use Hooks?

There are scenarios where we have to perform some prerequisite steps before executing the test scenarios, like initiating a WebDriver, setting up database connection, setting up Test Data, and setting up browser cookies.

Similarly, there are some conditions that need to be done after completing the execution of test scenarios like killing the web driver, closing database connections, clearing the test data, clearing browser cookies, and so on.

Scenario hooks

Scenario hooks run for every scenario. There are 2 types of Scenario Hooks – @After and @Before

Before
Before hooks run before the first step of each scenario.

Syntax:

@Before
	public void setup() {

        System.out.println("------------------Before Executing-------------------------");
        WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
        ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
        chromeOptions.addArguments("--start-maximized");
        driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions);
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
	}

After
After hooks run after the last step of each scenario, even when the step result is failed, undefined, pending, or skipped.

Syntax:

@After
	public void close() {
		driver.close();
		System.out.println("---------------After Executing---------------------------");
	}

Here is an example of Hooks – @Before and @After in a Cucumber program.

import io.cucumber.java.After;
import io.cucumber.java.Before;
import io.cucumber.java.en.Given;
import io.cucumber.java.en.Then;
import io.cucumber.java.en.When;
import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.containsString;
import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;

public class LoginPageDefinitions {
    WebDriver driver;

    @Before
    public void setup() {

        System.out.println("------------------Before Executing-------------------------");
        WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
        ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
        chromeOptions.addArguments("--start-maximized");
        driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions);
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }

    @Given("User is on HRMLogin page")
    public void userOnHomePage() {
        System.out.println("Open Website");
        driver.get("https://opensource-demo.orangehrmlive.com/");
    }

    @When("User enters username as {string}")
    public void entersUsername(String userName){
        System.out.println("Enter username");
        driver.findElement(By.name("username")).sendKeys(userName);

    }


    @When("User enters password as {string}")
    public void entersPassword(String passWord) {
        System.out.println("Enter passWord");
        driver.findElement(By.name("password")).sendKeys(passWord);
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='app']/div[1]/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[2]/form/div[3]/button")).submit();

    }


    @Then("User should be able to login successfully")
    public void successfulLogin() throws InterruptedException {
        String newPageText = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//span[@class='oxd-topbar-header-breadcrumb']/h6")).getText();
        System.out.println("newPageText:" + newPageText);
        assertThat(newPageText, containsString("Dashboard"));
    }

    @After
    public void close() {
        driver.quit();
        System.out.println("--------------------After Executing-----------------------");
    }
}

The output of the above program is

  1. At the start of execution, @Before annotation is setting up the web driver to execute the test.
  2. After setting up the web driver, the Given, When, and Then statements will be executed.
  3. Now, at last, @After hook will close the web driver.

Step hooks

Step hooks are invoked before and after a step. The hooks have ‘invoke around’ semantics. This means that if a BeforeStep hook is executed, the AfterStep hooks will also be executed regardless of the result of the step.

@BeforeStep – As the name suggests, it is executed before the execution of each step.

Syntax:

@BeforeStep
	public void beforeStepTest() {
		System.out.println("--------------BeforeStep Executing---------------");
	}

@AfterStep – As the name suggests, it is executed after the successful execution of each step. If a step does not pass, the following step and its hooks will be skipped.

Syntax:

@AfterStep
	public void afterStepTest() {
		System.out.println("--------------------AfterStep Executing---------------------");
	}

The complete program is shown below:

import io.cucumber.java.After;
import io.cucumber.java.AfterStep;
import io.cucumber.java.Before;
import io.cucumber.java.BeforeStep;
import io.cucumber.java.en.Given;
import io.cucumber.java.en.Then;
import io.cucumber.java.en.When;
import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.containsString;
import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;

public class LoginPageDefinitions {
    WebDriver driver;

    @Before
    public void setup() {

        System.out.println("------------------Before Executing-------------------------");
        WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
        ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
        chromeOptions.addArguments("--start-maximized");
        driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions);
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }

    @BeforeStep
    public void beforeStepTest() {
        System.out.println("--------------BeforeStep Executing---------------");
    }

    @Given("User is on HRMLogin page")
    public void userOnHomePage() {
        System.out.println("Open Website");
        driver.get("https://opensource-demo.orangehrmlive.com/");
    }

    @When("User enters username as {string}")
    public void entersUsername(String userName){
        System.out.println("Enter username");
        driver.findElement(By.name("username")).sendKeys(userName);

    }

    @When("User enters password as {string}")
    public void entersPassword(String passWord) {
        System.out.println("Enter passWord");
        driver.findElement(By.name("password")).sendKeys(passWord);
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='app']/div[1]/div/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[2]/form/div[3]/button")).submit();

    }

    @Then("User should be able to login successfully")
    public void successfulLogin() throws InterruptedException {
        String newPageText = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//span[@class='oxd-topbar-header-breadcrumb']/h6")).getText();
        System.out.println("newPageText:" + newPageText);
        assertThat(newPageText, containsString("Dashboard"));
    }

    @AfterStep
    public void afterStepTest() {
        System.out.println("--------------------AfterStep Executing---------------------");
    }

    @After
    public void close() {
        driver.quit();
        System.out.println("--------------------After Executing-----------------------");
    }
}

The output of the above program is

  1. At the start of execution, @Before annotation is setting up the web driver to execute the test.
  2. After setting up the web driver, @BeforeStep is executed before executing the first step.
  3. After the execution of the first step (Given), @AfterStep is executed.
  4. Here, it can be seen that there are 4 steps and for each step, there is a combination of @BeforeStep and @AfterStep.

That’s it! Congratulations on making it through this tutorial and hope you found it useful! Happy Learning!! Cheers!!

vibssingh

Cucumber Tutorials

Last Updated On

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BDD is a set of practices that helps to reduce the rework caused by misunderstanding or vague requirements, narrow the communication gaps between the development team, testing team, and customers, and promote continuous communication among them. Cucumber is one such open-source tool, which supports Behaviour Driven Development(BDD). In simple words, Cucumber can be defined as a testing framework, driven by plain English. It serves as documentation, automated tests, and a development aid – all in one.

Cucumber Introduction, Installation, and Configuration

Chapter 1  Introduction of Cucumber Testing Tool (BDD Tool)
Chapter 2 How to install Cucumber Eclipse Plugin
Chapter 3 How to setup Cucumber with Eclipse
Chapter 4 Cucumber – What is Gherkin

Cucumber Scenario, Features & Step Definition

Chapter 1 Cucumber – What is Feature File in Cucumber
Chapter 2 Step Definition in Cucumber
Chapter 3 Cucumber – JUnit Test Runner Class

Cucumber – Hooks & Tags

Chapter 1 Hooks in Cucumber
Chapter 2 Tags in Cucumber
Chapter 3 Conditional Hooks in Cucumber
Chapter 4 What is CucumberOptions in Cucumber?
Chapter 5 Background in Cucumber
Chapter 6 Monochrome in Cucumber
Chapter 7 What is Glue in Cucumber?

Cucumber – Data Driven Testing

Chapter 1 Data Driven Testing using Scenario Outline in Cucumber
Chapter 2 DataTables in Cucumber

Cucumber Integration with Selenium – Maven

Chapter 1 Integration of Cucumber with Selenium and JUnit4
Chapter 2 Integration of Cucumber with Selenium and TestNG
Chapter 3 Page Object Model with Selenium, Cucumber and JUnit
Chapter 4 Page Object Model with Selenium, Cucumber, and TestNG
Chapter 5 Integration of Cucumber7 with Selenium and JUnit5
Chapter 6 Run Cucumber7 with JUnit5 Tests from Maven Command Line
Chapter 7 How to rerun failed tests in Cucumber
Chapter 8 How to create Cucumber Report after rerun of failed tests – NEW
Chapter 9 How to rerun failed tests twice in Cucumber – NEW

Cucumber Integration with Selenium – Gradle

Chapter 1 Gradle Project with Cucumber, Selenium and TestNG
Chapter 2 Gradle Project with Cucumber, Selenium and JUnit4

Cucumber – Command Line Execution

Chapter 1 Run Cucumber Test from Command Line
Chapter 2 Run Gradle Cucumber Tests from Command Line

Cucumber Integration with Rest API

Chapter 1 Rest API Test in Cucumber BDD
Chapter 2 How To Create Gradle Project with Cucumber to test Rest API

Cucumber Integration with SpringBoot

Chapter 1 Integration Testing of Springboot with Cucumber and JUnit4
Chapter 2 Integration Testing of Springboot with Cucumber and TestNG

Cucumber – Reporting

Chapter 1 Cucumber Tutorial – Cucumber Reports
Chapter 2 Cucumber Report Service
Chapter 3 Implemention of ‘Masterthought’ Reports in Cucumber
Chapter 4 Implemention of ‘Masterthought’ Reports in Cucumber with JUnit4

Cucumber Integration with Allure Reports

Chapter 1 Allure Report with Cucumber5, Selenium and JUnit4
Chapter 2 Allure Report with Cucumber5, Selenium and TestNG
Chapter 3 Integration of Allure Report with Rest Assured and JUnit4
Chapter 4 Integration of Allure Report with Rest Assured and TestNG
Chapter 5 Gradle – Allure Report for Selenium and TestNG

Cucumber Integration with Extent Reports

Chapter 1 ExtentReports Version 5 for Cucumber 6 and TestNG
Chapter 2 How to add Screenshot to Cucumber ExtentReports
Chapter 3 ExtentReports Version 5 for Cucumber 6 and JUnit4
Chapter 4 PDF ExtentReport for Cucumber and TestNG
Chapter 5 ExtentReports Version 5 for Cucumber 7 and TestNG
Chapter 6 Extent Reports Version 5 for Cucumber7 and JUnit5

Cucumber – Parallel Execution

Chapter 1 Parallel Testing in Cucumber with JUnit
Chapter 2 Parallel Testing in Cucumber with TestNG
Chapter 3 Dependency Injection in Cucumber using Pico-Container

Interview Questions

Cucumber Interview Questions and Answers 2025 – NEW
BDD Multiple Choice Questions – MCQ1 – NEW
Cucumber Multiple Choice Questions – MCQ1 – NEW
Cucumber Multiple-Choice Questions with Answers – MCQ2 – NEW

vibssingh

InvocationCount in TestNG

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InnvocationCount is one of the feature available in TestNG. InvocationCount is used when we want to run the same test multiple times.  If we want to run single @Test 10 times at a single thread, then invocationCount can be used. To invoke a method multiple times, the below syntax is used.

@Test(invocationCount = 3)

In this example, the @Test method will execute for 3 times each on a single thread.

In this tutorial, we will illustrate how to get the current invocation count.

Step 1 − Create a TestNG class, InvocationCount_Demo.

Step 2 − Write two @Test methods in the class InvocationCount_Demo as shown in the programming code section below. Add invocationCount=3 to method verifyTitle and 2 to validLoginTest.

Step 3 − Create the testNG.xml as given below to run the TestNG classes.

Step 4 − Now, run the testNG.xml or directly TestNG class in IDE or compile and run it using command line.

Step 5 − In the output, the user can see a total of 1 thread running sequentially for all invocations of @Test.

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxOptions;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.time.Duration;


public class InvocationCount_Demo {

    WebDriver driver;

    @BeforeMethod
    public void setup() throws Exception {

        FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions();
        driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);
        driver.get("https://opensource-demo.orangehrmlive.com/");
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(10));
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
    }

    @Test(invocationCount = 3)
    public void verifyTitle() {

        System.out.println("Test Case 1 with Thread Id - " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
        String expectedTitle = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@class='oxd-text oxd-text--h5 orangehrm-login-title']")).getText();
        Assert.assertEquals(expectedTitle,"Login");
    }

    @Test(invocationCount = 2)
    public void validLoginTest() throws InterruptedException {

        System.out.println("Test Case 2 with Thread Id - "+Thread.currentThread().getId());

        driver.findElement(By.name("username")).sendKeys("Admin");
        driver.findElement(By.name("password")).sendKeys("admin123");
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@class='oxd-form-actions orangehrm-login-action']/button")).click();
        String expectedTitle = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@class='oxd-topbar-header-breadcrumb']/h6")).getText();
        Assert.assertTrue(expectedTitle.contains("Dashboard"));
    }

    @AfterMethod
    public  void closeBrowser() {

        driver.quit();

    }
}

testng.xml

This is a configuration file that is used to organize and run the TestNG test cases. It is very handy when limited tests are needed to execute rather than the full suite.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "https://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd">
<suite name="Suite">
    <test name="Invocation Test">
        <classes>
            <class name="com.example.InvocationCount_Demo"/>
        </classes>
    </test> <!-- Test -->
</suite> <!-- Suite -->

The output of the above program is

We can add threadPoolSize to the @Test.

threadPoolSize – It defines the size of the thread pool for any method. The method will be invoked from multiple threads, as specified by invocationCount. 

@Test(invocationCount = 3, threadPoolSize)

Congratulations on making it through this tutorial and hope you found it useful! Happy Learning!! Cheers!!

vibssingh

How to read JSON from File Using Gson API

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The previous tutorials have explained the conversion of Java Object to JSON using Gson API. This tutorial explains the process of reading the JSON Payload from a file using Gson API.

Gson is a Java library that can be used to convert Java Objects into their JSON representation. It can also be used to convert a JSON string to an equivalent Java object. Gson can work with arbitrary Java objects, including pre-existing objects for those you do not have source code.

  • Provide simple toJson() and fromJson() methods to convert Java objects to JSON and vice versa.

Add the below dependency to POM.xml to use Gson API.

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
    <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
    <version>2.10.1</version>
</dependency>

Let us take an example of a JSON.

{
  "firstName": "Vibha",
  "lastName": "Singh",
  "age": 30,
  "salary": {
    "2023": 74000,
    "2022": 62000,
    "2021": 50000
  },
  "designation": "Manager",
  "contactNumber": "+919999988822",
  "emailId": "abc@test.com"
}

Let us create a table named Employee which contains the data members same as node names in the above JSON payload and their corresponding getter and setter methods.

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.Map;

public class Employee {

    // private data members of POJO class
    private String firstName;
    private String lastName;
    private int age;
    private Map<String, BigDecimal> salary;
    private String designation;
    private String contactNumber;
    private String emailId;

    // Getter and setter methods
    public String getFirstName() {
        return firstName;
    }

    public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
    }

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Map<String, BigDecimal> getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }

    public void setSalary(Map<String, BigDecimal> salary) {
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    public String getDesignation() {
        return designation;
    }

    public void setDesignation(String designation) {
        this.designation = designation;
    }

    public String getContactNumber() {
        return contactNumber;
    }

    public void setContactNumber(String contactNumber) {
        this.contactNumber = contactNumber;
    }

    public String getEmailId() {
        return emailId;
    }

    public void setEmailId(String emailId) {
        this.emailId = emailId;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "(firstName: " + firstName + "," +
                "lastName: " + lastName + "," +
                "age: " + age + ", " +
                "salary: " + salary + "," +
                "designation: " + designation + ", " +
                "contactNumber: " + contactNumber + ", " +
                "emailId: " + emailId + ")";

    }
}

We will convert a JSON Object to a Java Object.

The JSON file – Employee.json is present in src/test/resources.

Below is the image of JSON.

You can create a Gson instance by invoking a new Gson() if the default configuration is all you need, as shown in the below example.

import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;

public class GsonReadFromFile {

    @Test
    public void readJsonFromFile() throws FileNotFoundException {

        String userDir = System.getProperty("user.dir");
        File jsonFilePath = new File(userDir + "\\src\\test\\resources\\Employee.json");
        FileReader fileReader = new FileReader(jsonFilePath);

        Gson gson = new Gson();
        Employee employee = gson.fromJson(fileReader, Employee.class);
        System.out.println(employee.toString());

        System.out.println("FirstName :" + employee.getFirstName());
        System.out.println("LastName :" + employee.getLastName());
        System.out.println("Age :" + employee.getAge());
        System.out.println("Salary :" + employee.getSalary());
        System.out.println("Designation :" + employee.getDesignation());
        System.out.println("ContactNumber :" + employee.getContactNumber());
        System.out.println("EmailId :" + employee.getEmailId());


    }
}

The execution message is shown below.

We are done! Congratulations on making it through this tutorial and hope you found it useful! Happy Learning!!

vibssingh

AssertJ – Fluent Assertions in Java

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This tutorial describes the usage of the AssertJ – Fluent Assertions framework for writing tests in Java.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction to AssertJ
  2. What is AssertJ Core?
    1. Simple Assertion
    2. Array Assertions
    3. Assertion description
    4. Assertions for Date
    5. Soft Assertions
    6. Object Assertions

Introduction to AssertJ

The AssertJ project provides fluent assertion statements for test code written in Java. These assert statements are typically used with Java JUnit tests. 

AssertJ is composed of several modules:

A core module to provide assertions for JDK types (String, Iterable, Stream, Path, File, Map…​)
1. A Guava module to provide assertions for Guava types (Multimap, Optional…​)
2. A Joda Time module to provide assertions for Joda Time types (DateTime, LocalDateTime)
3. A Neo4J module to provide assertions for Neo4J types (Path, Node, Relationship…​)
4. A DB module to provide assertions for relational database types (Table, Row, Column…​)
5. A Swing module provides a simple and intuitive API for functional testing of Swing user interfaces

What is AssertJ Core?

AssertJ is a Java library that provides a rich set of assertions and truly helpful error messages, improves test code readability, and is designed to be super easy to use within any IDE.

AssertJ Core major versions depend on different Java versions:

  • AssertJ Core 3.x requires Java 8 or higher
  • AssertJ Core 2.x requires Java 7 or higher

AssertJ Core 3.x includes all AssertJ Core 2.x features and adds Java 8 specific ones (like exception assertions with lambdas).

Maven

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
    <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
    <version>3.22.0</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

Gradle

testImplementation 'org.assertj:assertj-core:3.22.0'

The Assertions class is the only class you need to start using AssertJ, it provides all the methods you need.

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;

1. Simple Assertion

Verify that age is greater or equal to 50. This assertion will fail

int age = 20;
assertThat(age).isGreaterThanOrEqualTo(30);

The output of the above program is

There is another way to perform the same test. Don’t import the static package.

import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;

int age = 20;

// Verify that age is greater or equal to 50
Assertions.assertThat(age).isGreaterThanOrEqualTo(30);

This assertion will pass.

int age = 50;

// Verify that age is greater or equal to 50
Assertions.assertThat(age).isGreaterThanOrEqualTo(30);

2. Array Assertions

For an Iterable or an Array there are multiple ways of asserting that their content exist. One of the most common assertions would be to check if an Iterable or Array contains a given element:

int age = 30;
List<Integer> ages = Arrays.asList(20, 25, 33, 45);

// Verify that ages list contains age(30) or not
Assertions.assertThat(ages).contains(age);

The output of the above program is

Verify if a list is empty or not

	List<String> names = Arrays.asList("Here", "Keep", "Ugly", "door", "time");

   @Test
	public void assertJAssertionsExample8() {
		Assertions.assertThat(names).isEmpty();

	}

The output of the above program is

Verify if a List starts with a given character. For example “Ugly”:

	List<String> names = Arrays.asList("Here", "Keep", "Ugly", "door", "time");

	@Test
	public void assertJAssertionsExample8() {

		// Verify that ages list contains age(30) or not
		Assertions.assertThat(names).startsWith("Ugly");

	}

The output of the above program is

Assert the size of the list

List<Integer> ages = Arrays.asList(20, 25, 33, 45);

// Verify that list ages contains 5 elements
Assertions.assertThat(ages).hasSize(5);

The output of the above program is

Chaining of assertions

AssertJ allows you to be concise by chaining multiple assertions.

int age = 30;
List<Integer> ages = Arrays.asList(20, 25, 33, 45);

// Verify that the list of age contains 20, and size of list is 4 and match the
// values of all elements
Assertions.assertThat(ages).contains(20).hasSize(4).allMatch(a -> a >= 10 && a <= 30);

The output of the above program is

3. Assertion description

It is often valuable to describe the assertion performed, especially for boolean assertions, where the default error message just complains that it got false instead of true (or vice versa).

You can set such a description as (String description, Object…​ args) but remember to do it before calling the assertion otherwise it is simply ignored as a failing assertion breaks the chained calls.

Example of a failing assertion with a description:

String name = "Happy Days are here";
Assertions.assertThat(name).as("check name").startsWith("Life");

The error message starts with the given description in [check name]

The output of the above program is

4. Assertions for Date

AssertJ provides special assertions for the Java date class.

LocalDateTime date1 = LocalDate.of(1992, 2, 14).atStartOfDay();
LocalDateTime date2 = LocalDate.of(1998, 1, 1).atStartOfDay();
Assertions.assertThat(date1).isEqualTo(date2);

The output of the above program is

LocalDateTime isAfter

LocalDateTime date1 = LocalDate.of(1992, 2, 14).atStartOfDay();
LocalDateTime date2 = LocalDate.of(1998, 1, 1).atStartOfDay();
Assertions.assertThat(date1).isAfter(date2);

The output of the above program is

LocalDateTime isBefore

LocalDateTime date1 = LocalDate.of(2025, 2, 14).atStartOfDay();
Assertions.assertThat(date1).isBefore(LocalDateTime.now());

The output of the above program is

5. Soft Assertions

Soft assertions AssertJ collects all assertion errors instead of stopping at the first one. Since soft assertions don’t fail at the first error, you need to tell AssertJ when to report the captured assertion errors, we are using assertAll().

SoftAssertions softly = new SoftAssertions();

softly.assertThat("George Martin").as("great authors").isEqualTo("JK Rowling");
softly.assertThat(42).as("comparison").isGreaterThan(120);
softly.assertThat("50").isEqualTo("23");

// Don't forget to call assertAll() otherwise no assertion errors are reported!
softly.assertAll();

The output of the above program is

6. Object Assertions

Objects can be compared in various ways, either to determine the equality of two objects or to examine the fields of an object.

public class AssertJEmployee {

	String name;
	int age;
	float salary;

	public AssertJEmployee(String name, int age, float salary) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
		this.salary = salary;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	public float getSalary() {
		return salary;
	}

	public void setSalary(float salary) {
		this.salary = salary;
	}

}

@Test
public void test() {

	AssertJEmployee emp1 = new AssertJEmployee("Tim", 24, 24000);
	AssertJEmployee emp2 = new AssertJEmployee("Tim", 20, 24000);

	Assertions.assertThat(emp1).usingRecursiveComparison().isEqualTo(emp2);
}

The output of the above program is

In the below example, we have used isEqualTo() method that compares object references. We can see that both objects are the same but have different references. So, the assertion fails here.

@Test
public void test() {

	AssertJEmployee emp1 = new AssertJEmployee("Tim", 24, 24000);
	AssertJEmployee emp2 = new AssertJEmployee("Tim", 24, 24000);

	Assertions.assertThat(emp1).isEqualTo(emp2);
}

The output of the above program is

Congratulation! We are able to understand the use of AssertJ. Happy Learning!!

vibssingh

How to Clone a project from GitLab using IntelliJ

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In this tutorial, we will clone a project from GitLab and import it into IntelliJ.

Table Of Contents

  1. What is GitLab?
  2. Why Use GitLab?
  3. Implementation Steps
    1. Clone the project from GitLab
    2. Import the cloned project in IntelliJ

What is GitLab?

GitLab is a web-based Git repository that provides free open and private repositories, issue-following capabilities, and wikis. It is a complete DevOps platform that enables professionals to perform all the tasks in a project from project planning and source code management to monitoring and security.

Why Use GitLab?

The primary advantage of using GitLab is that it allows all team members to collaborate at all stages of the project. GitLab provides tracking from planning to creation to assist developers in automating the entire DevOps lifecycle and achieving the best results possible. GitLab is becoming increasingly popular among developers due to its extensive set of features and code building blocks.

In this tutorial, I will explain how we can clone a project from GitLab in IntelliJ.

Implementation Steps

Clone the project from GitLab

Step 1 – Go to GitLab and select the project that you want to clone. Click on the blue colour “Clone” button, then copy the hyperlink as shown in the image. You can either Clone with SSH or Clone with HTTPS.

Import the cloned project in IntelliJ

Step 2 – From the main menu, select Git -> Clone

Another way is File ->New -> Project from Version Control

Step 3 – In the Get from Version Control dialog, specify the URL of the remote repository you want to clone. This is retrieved from Step 1. Click the Clone button.

Step 4 – A dialog box will appear to log in to GitLab. Provide the username and password of GitLab. Select the “Log In” button.

Step 5 – When you import or clone a project for the first time, IntelliJ IDEA analyses it. If the IDE detects more than one configuration (for example, Eclipse and Gradle), it prompts you to select which configuration you want to use. Select the necessary configuration and click the OK button. I have selected the Maven project.

Step 6 – Once I have selected the Maven project, a new dialog box will appear. IntelliJ asks you to either Trust the Project or Preview it in Safe Mode. I trust the project, so I have selected the Trust Project button.

Step 7 – IntelliJ will ask if you want to open the project in the current window or New Window. It is always a good practice to open the project in a New Window.

Step 8 – We have successfully imported the GitLab Repository as shown in the below image.

Congratulations on making it through this tutorial and hope you found it useful! Happy Learning!! Cheers!!

Additional Tutorials

How to install IntelliJ on Windows
How to create a Java project in IntelliJ
How to Export IntelliJ project to GitLab
vibssingh

How to save Json in File Using Gson API

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The previous tutorials have explained the conversion of Java Object to JSON using Gson API. This tutorial explains the process of saving JSON Payload in a file using Gson API.

Gson is a Java library that can be used to convert Java Objects into their JSON representation. It can also be used to convert a JSON string to an equivalent Java object. Gson can work with arbitrary Java objects, including pre-existing objects those you do not have source code.

  • Provide simple toJson() and fromJson() methods to convert Java objects to JSON and vice versa.
  • Allow pre-existing unmodifiable objects to be converted to and from JSON.
  • Extensive support of Java Generics.
  • Allow custom representations for objects.
  • Support arbitrarily complex objects (with deep inheritance hierarchies and extensive use of generic types).

Add the below dependency to POM.xml to use Gson API.

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
    <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
    <version>2.10.1</version>
</dependency>

Let us take an example of a JSON.

{
  "firstName" : "Vibha",
  "lastName" : "Singh",
  "age" : 30,
  "salary" : 75000.0,
  "designation" : "Manager",
  "contactNumber" : "+919999988822",
  "emailId" : "abc@test.com"
  }

Let us create a table named Employee which contains the data members same as node names in the above JSON payload and their corresponding getter and setter methods.

public class Employee {

	// private data members of POJO class
	private String firstName;
	private String lastName;
	private int age;
	private double salary;
	private String designation;
	private String contactNumber;
	private String emailId;

	// Getter and setter methods
	public String getFirstName() {
		return firstName;
	}

	public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
		this.firstName = firstName;
	}

	public String getLastName() {
		return lastName;
	}

	public void setLastName(String lastName) {
		this.lastName = lastName;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	public double getSalary() {
		return salary;
	}

	public void setSalary(double salary) {
		this.salary = salary;
	}

	public String getDesignation() {
		return designation;
	}

	public void setDesignation(String designation) {
		this.designation = designation;
	}

	public String getContactNumber() {
		return contactNumber;
	}

	public void setContactNumber(String contactNumber) {
		this.contactNumber = contactNumber;
	}

	public String getEmailId() {
		return emailId;
	}

	public void setEmailId(String emailId) {
		this.emailId = emailId;
	}

}

We will convert a Java Object to a JSON object as a String and also will write it into a .json file. There are many variations for the method toJson().

You can create a Gson instance by invoking a new Gson() if the default configuration is all you need, as shown in the below example.

You can also use GsonBuilder to build a Gson instance with various configuration options such as versioning support, pretty-printing, custom JsonSerializer, JsonDeserializer.

import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;

public class WriteJsonFileDemo {

    @Test
    public void saveJsonToFile() {

        Employee employee = new Employee();
        employee.setFirstName("Vibha");
        employee.setLastName("Singh");
        employee.setAge(30);
        employee.setSalary(75000);
        employee.setDesignation("Manager");
        employee.setContactNumber("+919999988822");
        employee.setEmailId("abc@test.com");

        Gson builder = new GsonBuilder().setPrettyPrinting().create();
        String employeePrettyJsonPayload = builder.toJson(employee);
        System.out.println(employeePrettyJsonPayload);

        String userDir = System.getProperty("user.dir");
        File outputJsonFile = new File(userDir + "\\src\\test\\resources\\testData\\EmployeePayloadUsingGson.json");
        try {
            FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter(outputJsonFile);
            builder.toJson(employee, fileWriter);
            fileWriter.flush();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
    }
}

The execution message is shown below.

The JSON file is saved under src/test/resources/testData as shown below image.

We are done! Congratulations on making it through this tutorial and hope you found it useful! Happy Learning!!