HOME

What is Page Object Model?

Page Object Model(POM) is an object design pattern in Selenium webdriver which tells how to organize the object repository. In this case, we refer to web elements as Objects. Page Object Model(POM) is not a Test Framework.

In the Page Object Model (POM), each web page is represented as a separate class. For example, consider HRM website. It has many web pages like Login , Dashboard , Assign Leave, Leave List, Timesheets, etc. Under this model, for each web page in the application, there should be a corresponding Page Class. This Page class will identify the WebElements of that web page and also contains Page methods that perform operations on those WebElements.

If a new web element is added or an existing web element is updated, then you can add or update that web element in object repository by navigating to class which has same name as webpage.

The object repository is independent of test cases, so we can use the same object repository for a different purpose with different tools. For example, we can integrate Page Object Model in Selenium with TestNG/JUnit for functional Testing and at the same time with JBehave/Cucumber for acceptance testing.

POM enhances test maintenance, readability and reducing code duplication.

In this tutorial, I’m creating a project using Page Object Model as Design Pattern and TestNG as the Test Automation Framework.

Steps to create a Page Object Model Project

1. Download and Install Java on system
2. Download and setup Eclipse IDE on system
3. Setup Maven
4. Create a new Maven Project
5. Add dependencies to pom.xml
6. Create Page Class for each page – LoginPage.Java and DashboardPage.java
7. Create tests for each Page – BaseTests, LoginTests and DashboardTests
8. Create a TestNG.XML
9. Run the tests from TestNG.xml
10. TestNG Report Generation

Step 1- Download and Install Java

Click here to know How to install Java. To check if Java is already installed on your machine, use the below command in the command line. This command will show the version of Java installed on your machine.

java -version

Step 2 – Download and setup Eclipse IDE on system

The Eclipse IDE (integrated development environment) provides strong support for Java developer. The Eclipse IDE for Java Developers distribution is designed to support standard Java development. It includes support for the Maven and Gradle build system and support for the Git version control system. Click here to know How to install Eclipse.

Step 3 – Setup Maven

To build a test framework, we need to add a number of dependencies to the project. It is very tedious and cumbersome process to add each dependency manually. So, to overcome this problem, we use a build management tool. Maven is a build management tool which is used to define project structure, dependencies, build, and test management. Click here to know How to install Maven.

To know if Maven is already installed or not on your machine, type this command in the command line. This command will show the version of Maven installed on your machine.

mvn -version

Step 4 – Create a new Maven Project

Click here to know How to create a Maven project

Below is the Maven project structure. Here,

Group Id – com.example
Artifact Id – pageobjectmodel_demo
Version – 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
Package – com. example.pageobjectmodel_demo

Step 5 – Add dependencies to the pom.xml

I have added Selenium and TestNG dependencies.

<dependencies>
  
   <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-java -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
      <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
      <version>3.141.59</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.testng/testng -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
      <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
      <version>7.4.0</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>   
    
</dependencies>

Step 6 – Create Page Class for each page – LoginPage.Java and DashboardPage.java

I want to test 2 pages – Login and Dashboard. So, I’m creating 2 seperate class. Each class will contain its web elements and methods of that page.

LoginPage.Java

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

public class LoginPage {

	WebDriver driver;

	By userName = By.name("txtUsername");

	By password = By.name("txtPassword");

	By titleText = By.id("logInPanelHeading");

	By login = By.id("btnLogin");

	public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
		this.driver = driver;
	}

	// Set user name in textbox
	public void setUserName(String strUserName) {
		driver.findElement(userName).sendKeys(strUserName);
	}

	// Set password in password textbox
	public void setPassword(String strPassword) {
		driver.findElement(password).sendKeys(strPassword);
	}

	// Click on login button
	public void clickLogin() {
		driver.findElement(login).click();
	}

	// Get the title of Login Page
	public String getLoginTitle() {
		return driver.findElement(titleText).getText();
	}

	public void login(String strUserName, String strPasword) {

		// Fill user name
		this.setUserName(strUserName);

		// Fill password
		this.setPassword(strPasword);

		// Click Login button
		this.clickLogin();
	}
}

DashboardPage.java

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

public class DashboardPage {

	WebDriver driver;

	By homePageUserName = By.id("welcome");

	public DashboardPage(WebDriver driver) {
		this.driver = driver;

	}

	// Get the User name from Home Page
	public String getHomePageText() {
		return driver.findElement(homePageUserName).getText();
	}

}

Step 7 – Create tests for each Page – BaseTests, LoginTests and DashboardTests

Here, I have created 3 classes. BaseTest class to contain startUp and tearDown methods. These methods will run once before the after of every class. LoginTests and DashboardTests classes contain the tests related to LoginPage and DashboardPage respectively.

BaseTest

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;

import com.example.pageobjectmodel_demo.pages.DashboardPage;
import com.example.pageobjectmodel_demo.pages.LoginPage;

public class BaseTest {

	public static WebDriver driver;
	LoginPage objLogin;
	DashboardPage objDashboardPage;

	@BeforeClass
	public void setup() {
		System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver",
				"C:\\Users\\Vibha\\Software\\geckodriver-v0.26.0-win64\\geckodriver.exe");
		driver = new FirefoxDriver();
		driver.manage().window().maximize();
		driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
		driver.get("https://opensource-demo.orangehrmlive.com/");
	}

	@AfterClass
	public void close() {
		driver.close();
	}
}

LoginTests

import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import com.example.pageobjectmodel_demo.pages.DashboardPage;
import com.example.pageobjectmodel_demo.pages.LoginPage;

public class LoginTests extends BaseTest {

	LoginPage objLogin;
	DashboardPage objDashboardPage;

	@Test(priority = 0)
	public void loginTest() {

		// Create Login Page object
		objLogin = new LoginPage(driver);

		// Verify login page text
		String loginPageTitle = objLogin.getLoginTitle();
		Assert.assertTrue(loginPageTitle.contains("LOGIN Panel"));
	}

}

DashboardTests

import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import com.example.pageobjectmodel_demo.pages.DashboardPage;
import com.example.pageobjectmodel_demo.pages.LoginPage;

public class DashboardTests extends BaseTest {

	LoginPage objLogin;
	DashboardPage objDashboardPage;

	@Test(priority = 0)
	public void DasboardTest() {

		objLogin = new LoginPage(driver);

		// login to application
		objLogin.login("Admin", "admin123");

		// go the dashboard page
		objDashboardPage = new DashboardPage(driver);

		// Verify dashboard page
		Assert.assertTrue(objDashboardPage.getHomePageText().contains("Welcome"));
	}

}

Step 8 – Create a TestNG.XML

Here, I have mentioned 2 test classes. So, when I will run the tests from TestNG.xml, it will run the tests of both the classes. If will mention any one class, then the test of that particular class will be executed.

<?xml version = "1.0"encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd">
<suite name = "PageObjectModel">
  <test name = "PageObjectModel Tests">
    <classes>
          <class name = "com.example.pageobjectmodel_demo.tests.LoginTests"/>
          <class name = "com.example.pageobjectmodel_demo.tests.DashboardTests"/>
     </classes>  
   </test>
</suite>

Step 9 – Run the tests from TestNG.xml

Right click on TestNG.xml and select Run As TestNG Suite.

The execution status looks like as shown below.

Step 10 – TestNG Report Generation

Once the execution is finished, refresh the project. It will create a test-output folder containing various reports generated by TestNG. Below is the screenshot of the report folder.

Image of Index.html report

Image of emailable-report.html

Cheers! Congratulations on making it through this tutorial and hope you found it useful! Happy Learning!!