In this tutorial, we will set the variable values from the Run time command argument in Robot Framework using Selenium WebDriver.
Variables can be changed from the command line using the –variable (-v) option or a variable file using the –variablefile (-V) option. Variables set from the command line are universally accessible for all executed test data files, and they override any variables with the same names in the Variable section and variable files imported into the test data.
Individual variables are established using the syntax –variable name:value, where name is the variable’s name without the $ symbol and value is its value. This option can be used multiple times to define multiple variables. This syntax can only be used to establish scalar variables, and they can only receive string values.
Prerequisite:
- Install Python
- Install PIP
- Install Robot Framework
- Install Robot framework Selenium Library
- Install PyCharm IDE
Please refer to this tutorial to install Robot Framework – How to install and setup Robot Framework for Python.
Implementation Steps:
Step 1.1 – Open PyCharm and create a new project. Go to File and select “New Project” from the main menu.
Step 1.2 – Choose the project location. Click the “Browse” button next to the Location field and specify the directory for your project.
Deselect the Create a main.py welcome script checkbox because you will create a new Python file for this tutorial.
Click on the “Create” Button.
Step 1.3 – A new dialog will appear asking to Open the project using any one of the given options. I have selected New Window as I like to have separate windows for each project.
Below is the image of the new project created in PyCharms.
How to set variable values from Runtime command?
Step 2 – Create a new directory in the new project
Right-Click on the project, select New->Directory and provide name as PageObject
Below is the image of the new directory.
Right-click on the new directory and select New File and provide the name as LoginPage.robot as shown below:
Step 3 – Download ChromeBinaries from the below location
The tests are going to use the Chrome browser, so we need to download the ChromeBinaries to open a blank browser in Chrome.
https://chromedriver.chromium.org/
The chromedriver and geckodriver are placed in a folder name drivers in the RobotFramework_Demo project. I have renamed chromedriver to chrome and geckodriver to firefox.
Step 4 – Create a simple Selenium Test
*** Settings ***
Documentation Tests to login to Login Page
Library SeleniumLibrary
*** Variables ***
${valid_username} Admin
${valid_password} admin123
${invalid_username} 1234
${invalid_password} 45678
${blank_username}
${blank_password}
${url} https://opensource-demo.orangehrmlive.com/web/index.php/auth/login
${browser_name} Chrome
${login_error_message} css:.oxd-alert-content--error
${dashboard_title} css:.oxd-topbar-header-breadcrumb-module
${missing_username_error_message} xpath://*[@class='oxd-form']/div[1]/div/span
${missing_password_error_message} xpath://*[@class='oxd-form']/div[2]/div/span
*** Test Cases ***
Validate Unsuccessful Login using invalid credentials
[Tags] SMOKE
Open the Browser with URL
Fill the login form ${valid_username} ${invalid_password}
Verify the error message is correct
Close Browser Session
Validate Unsuccessful Login for blank username
[Tags] REGRESSION
Open the Browser with URL
Fill the login form ${blank_username} ${valid_password}
Verify the error message is displayed for username
Close Browser Session
Validate Unsuccessful Login for blank password
[Tags] SMOKE REGRESSION
Open the Browser with URL
Fill the login form ${valid_username} ${blank_password}
Verify the error message is displayed for password
Close Browser Session
Validate successful Login
[Tags] UAT
Open the Browser with URL
Fill the login form ${valid_username} ${valid_password}
Verify Dashboard page opens
Close Browser Session
*** Keywords ***
Open the Browser with URL
Create Webdriver ${browser_name} executable_path=/Vibha_Personal/RobotFramework_Demo/drivers/${browser_name}
Go To ${url}
Maximize Browser Window
Set Selenium Implicit Wait 5
Fill the login form
[Arguments] ${username} ${password}
Input Text css:input[name=username] ${username}
Input Password css:input[name=password] ${password}
Click Button css:.orangehrm-login-button
Verify the error message is correct
Element Text Should Be ${login_error_message} Invalid credentials
Verify Dashboard page opens
Element Text Should Be ${dashboard_title} Dashboard
Verify the error message is displayed for username
Element Text Should Be ${missing_username_error_message} Required
Verify the error message is displayed for password
Element Text Should Be ${missing_password_error_message} Required
Close Browser Session
Close Browser
Step 5 – Set Variable values from the Runtime command
In the above example, we are using Chrome browser to run the tests. I want to run the tests on Firefox browser, but without making any changes to the existing code. How this can be achieved? We can pass variable
robot --variable browser_name:Firefox .
The output of the above program is
We have the test case passed. The Robot Framework generates log.html, output.xml, and report.html by default.
Let us now see the report and log details.
Report
Right-click on report.html. Select Open In->Browser->Firefox(any browser of your wish).
The Report generated by the framework is shown below:
Log
Robot Framework has multiple log levels that control what is shown in the automatically generated log file. The default Robot Framework log level is INFO.
Right-click on log.html. Select Open In->Browser->Firefox(any browser of your wish).
Variables with Tags
If you want to execute only test scenario tagged with UAT using firefox browser, it can be done using the below command:
robot --variable browser_name:Firefox --include UAT .
The output of the above program is
That’s it! Congratulations on making it through this tutorial and hope you found it useful! Happy Learning!!
Additional Tutorials
QA Automation Expert 