In the previous tutorial, I explained about the Testing of SpringBoot POST Method. In this tutorial, I will discuss about the Testing of Exceptions in SpringBoot application.
Response Statuses for Errors
Most commonly used error code in SpringBoot Application are:-
- 404 – RESOURCE NOT FOUND
- 400 – BAD REQUEST
- 401 – UNAUTHORIZED
- 415 – UNSUPPORTED TYPE – Representation not supported for the resource
- 500 – SERVER ERROR
Default Exception Handling with Spring Boot
Spring Boot provides good default implementation for exception handling for RESTful Services.
This is the response when you try getting details of a non existing student. You can see that the resonse status is 500 – Internal Server Error
Customizing Exception Handling with Spring Boot
There are 2 most commonly used annotations used in Error Handling – @ExceptionHandler and @ControllerAdvice.
What is ExceptionHandler?
The @ExceptionHandler is an annotation used to handle the specific exceptions and sending the custom responses to the client.
@ExceptionHandler(StudentNotFoundException.class)
What is ControllerAdvice?
A controller advice allows you to use exactly the same exception handling techniques but apply them across the whole application, not just to an individual controller.
A combination of Spring and Spring Boot provide multiple options to customize responses for errors.
@ControllerAdvice
@RestController
public class CustomizedResponseEntityExceptionHandler extends ResponseEntityExceptionHandler {
You can specify the Response Status for a specific exception along with the definition of the Exception with ‘@ResponseStatus’ annotation.
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND)
I have define the StudentNotFoundExceptionclass. This Exception will be thrown by the controller when no resource i.e. Student to be returned in our case is found with http Status of NOT_FOUND (404).
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;
@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND)
public class StudentNotFoundException extends RuntimeException {
public StudentNotFoundException(String exception) {
super(exception);
}
}
Now the response will be 404 – Not Found
{
"timestamp": "2021-02-22T15:56:59.494+00:00",
"status": 404,
"error": "Not Found",
"trace": "StudentNotFoundException: id-100,
"message": "id-100",
"path": "/students/100"
}
Customizing Error Response Structure
Default error response provided by Spring Boot contains all the details that are typically needed.
However, you might want to create a framework independent response structure for your organization. In that case, you can define a specific error response structure.
import java.util.Date;
public class ExceptionResponse {
private Date timestamp;
private String message;
private String details;
public ExceptionResponse(Date timestamp, String message, String details) {
super();
this.timestamp = timestamp;
this.message = message;
this.details = details;
}
public Date getTimestamp() {
return timestamp;
}
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public String getDetails() {
return details;
}
}
To use ExceptionResponse to return the error response, let’s define a ControllerAdvice as shown below.
@ControllerAdvice
@RestController
public class CustomizedResponseEntityExceptionHandler extends ResponseEntityExceptionHandler {
@ExceptionHandler(StudentNotFoundException.class)
public final ResponseEntity<Object> handleUserNotFoundException(StudentNotFoundException ex, WebRequest request) {
ExceptionResponse exceptionResponse = new ExceptionResponse(new Date(), ex.getMessage(),
request.getDescription(false));
return new ResponseEntity(exceptionResponse, HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
}
Scenario 1- Below picture shows how we can execute a Get Request Method with Invalid URL using Postman
Above scenario can be tested in the below way.
Feature: Student Exception
@InvalidURL
Scenario: Send a valid Request to create a student
Given I send a request to the invalid URL "/students/100" to get a student details
Then the response will return status of 404 and message "id-100"
Test Code to test above scenario (StepDefinition file)
@SpringBootTest(classes = SpringBootRestServiceApplication.class, webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class CustomizedErrorsDefinition {
private final static String BASE_URI = "http://localhost";
@LocalServerPort
private int port;
private ValidatableResponse validatableResponse;
private void configureRestAssured() {
RestAssured.baseURI = BASE_URI;
RestAssured.port = port;
}
protected RequestSpecification getAnonymousRequest() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
configureRestAssured();
return given();
}
@Given("^I send a request to the invalid URL \"([^\"]*)\" to get a student details$")
public void iSendARequest(String endpoint) throws Throwable {
validatableResponse = getAnonymousRequest().contentType(ContentType.JSON).when().get(endpoint).then();
}
@Then("^the response will return status of (\\d+) and message \"([^\"]*)\"$")
public void extractResponse(int status, String message) { validatableResponse.assertThat().statusCode(equalTo(status)).body("message", equalTo(message));
}
}
To know more about SpringBootTest, refer the tutorial on Integration Testing of SpringBoot.
@SpringBootTest(classes = SpringBootRestServiceApplication.class, webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
To know about all the dependencies we need to add to pom.xml to run t he SpringBoot Test, refer the tutorial about Testing of SpringBoot REST Application using Serenity BDD and Rest Assured for GET Method.
To know how you can test a SpringBoot Application in BDD format using Serenity, refer the tutorial related to Serenity BDD with Cucumber for ApringBoot application.
The next tutorial explains about the Testing of SpringBoot Validation for RESTful Services.
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