In this tutorial, we will run the tests in headless mode in Robot Framework.
Prerequisite:
- Install Python
- Install PIP
- Install Robot Framework
- Install Robot framework Selenium Library
- Install PyCharm IDE
Please refer to this tutorial to install Robot Framework – How to install and setup Robot Framework for Python.
Implementation Steps:
Step 1.1 – Open PyCharm and create a new project. Go to File and select New Project from the main menu.
Step 1.2 – Choose the project location. Click the “Browse” button next to the Location field and specify the directory for your project.
Deselect the Create a main.py welcome script checkbox because you will create a new Python file for this tutorial.
Click on the “Create” Button.
Step 1.3 – A new dialog appears asking to open the project using any one of the given options. I have selected New Window as I like to have separate windows for each project.
Below is the image of the new project created in PyCharms.
How to run tests in headless mode in Robot Framework?
Step 2 – Create a new directory in the new project
Right-Click on the project, select New->Directory and provide name as Tests
Below is the image of the new directory.
Right-click on the new directory and select New File and provide the name as HeadlessChrome_Demo.robot and Headlessas shown below:
Step 3 – Execute tests in headless mode
We are now going to write test cases. The test case details will be as follows −
- Open browser − URL − https://opensource-demo.orangehrmlive.com/web/index.php/auth/login in Chrome and firefox headless mode
- Enter username and password in the search textbox
- Click Search Button
- Verify the error message
To work with the Robot Framework, we need a locator. A locator is an identifier for the textbox like id, name, class, xpath, css selector, etc.
To know more about locators, refer to these Selenium Tutorials:
Locators in Selenium – Locate by ID, ClassName, Name, TagName, LinkText, PartialLinkText
Dynamic XPath in Selenium WebDriver
CSS Selector in Selenium WebDriver
Below is an example of executing Chrome tests in headless mode.
*** Settings ***
Documentation To validate the Login Form
Library SeleniumLibrary
*** Test Cases ***
Validate Unsuccessful Login
Open the Browser with URL
Fill the login form
verify error message is correct
*** Keywords ***
Open the Browser with URL
Open Browser https://opensource-demo.orangehrmlive.com/web/index.php/auth/login headlesschrome
Maximize Browser Window
Set Selenium Implicit Wait 5
Fill the login form
Input Text css:input[name=username] Admin
Input Password css:input[name=password] Admin
Click Button css:.orangehrm-login-button
verify error message is correct
${result}= Get Text CSS:.oxd-alert-content-text
Should Be Equal As Strings ${result} Invalid credentials
Below is an example of executing Firefox tests in headless mode.
*** Settings ***
Documentation To validate the Login Form
Library SeleniumLibrary
*** Test Cases ***
Validate Unsuccessful Login
Open the Browser with URL
Fill the login form
verify error message is correct
*** Keywords ***
Open the Browser with URL
Open Browser https://opensource-demo.orangehrmlive.com/web/index.php/auth/login headlessfirefox
Maximize Browser Window
Set Selenium Implicit Wait 5
Fill the login form
Input Text css:input[name=username] Admin
Input Password css:input[name=password] Admin
Click Button css:.orangehrm-login-button
verify error message is correct
${result}= Get Text CSS:.oxd-alert-content-text
Should Be Equal As Strings ${result} Invalid credentials
All the below-mentioned keywords are derived from SeleniumLibrary except the last one. The functionality of keywords mentioned above:
1. Open Browser − The keyword opens a new browser instance to the optional URL.
2. Maximize Browser Window – This keyword maximizes the current browser window.
3. Set Selenium Implicit Wait – This keyword sets the implicit wait value used by Selenium.
4. Input Text − This keyword is used to type the given text in the specified textbox identified by the locator name:username.
5. Input Password – This keyword is used to type the given text in the specified password identified by the locator name:password.
The difference compared to Input Text is that this keyword does not log the given password on the INFO level.
6. Click button – This keyword is used to click on the button with location css:.orangehrm-login-button.
7. ${result} – This is a variable that holds the text value of the error message that is located by css:.oxd-alert-content-text
8. Get Text – This keyword returns the text value of the element identified by located by css:.oxd-alert-content-text.
9. Should Be Equal As Strings – This keyword is used from builtIn keyword. This keyword returns false if objects are unequal after converting them to strings.
These keywords are present in SeleniumLibrary. To know more about these keywords, please refer to this document – https://robotframework.org/SeleniumLibrary/SeleniumLibrary.htm.
To run this script, go to the command line and go to directory tests.
Step 4 – Execute the tests
We need the below command to run the Robot Framework script.
robot .
The output of the above program is
Step 5 – View Report and Log
We have the test case passed. The Robot Framework generates log.html, output.xml, and report.html by default.
Let us now see the report and log details.
Report
Right-click on report.html. Select Open In->Browser->Chrome(any browser of your wish).
The Report generated by the framework is shown below:
Log
Robot Framework has multiple log levels that control what is shown in the automatically generated log file. The default Robot Framework log level is INFO.
Right-click on log.html. Select Open In->Browser->Chrome(any browser of your wish).
That’s it! Congratulations on making it through this tutorial and hope you found it useful! Happy Learning!!
QA Automation Expert 