In the previous tutorial, I explained about SpringBoot and how to perform Integration testing of SpringBoot Application. In this tutorial, I will explain about the Testing of the SpringBoot Application with JUnit5.
Prerequisite:
Spring Boot 3.0.4 requires Java 17 and is compatible with and including Java 19. Spring Framework 6.0.6 or above is also required.
Explicit build support is provided for the following build tools:
- Maven – 3.5+
- Gradle – 7.x (7.5 or later) and 8.x
This framework consists of
- SpringBoot Starter Parent – 3.1.0
- Rest Assured – 5.3.0
- Java 17
- Maven – 3.8.6
What is SpringBoot Application?
Spring Boot is an open-source micro-framework that provides Java developers with a platform to get started with an auto-configurable production-grade Spring application.
- Comes with embedded HTTP servers like Tomcat or Jetty to test web applications.
- Adds many plugins that developers can use to work with embedded and in-memory databases easily. Spring allows you to easily connect with database and queue services like Oracle, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MongoDB, Redis, Solr, ElasticSearch, Rabbit MQ, and others.
Project Directory Structure
SpringBoot – 3.1.0-SNAPSHOT contains the JUnit 5 dependencies in it as shown in the below image. So, we don’t need to add them explicitly to the build.gradle.
Implementation Steps
- Create a source folder – src/test/resources to create properties file
- Add SpringBoot, and JUnit5 dependencies to the project
- Create the Test classes.
- Create an application.properties file in src/test/resources
- Run the tests from JUnit5
- Run the tests from Command Line
- Surefire Report Generation
Step 1 – Create a source folder – src/test/resources to create test scenarios in the Feature file
Right-click on the test directory and select New->Directory and select resources (Maven Source Directories).
Step 2 – Add SpringBoot, and JUnit5 dependencies to the project
We have added SpringBootTest, and JUnit5 dependencies to pom.xml.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringBoot_JUnit5_Demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>SpringBoot_JUnit5_Demo</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>17</java.version>
<junit-jupiter.version>5.9.2</junit-jupiter.version>
<rest.assured.version>5.3.0</rest.assured.version>
<maven.compiler.plugin.version>3.10.1</maven.compiler.plugin.version>
<maven.compiler.source.version>17</maven.compiler.source.version>
<maven.compiler.target.version>17</maven.compiler.target.version>
<maven.surefire.plugin.version>3.0.0-M9</maven.surefire.plugin.version>
<maven.failsafe.plugin.version>3.0.0-M9</maven.failsafe.plugin.version>
<maven.site.plugin.version>3.12.0</maven.site.plugin.version>
<maven.surefire.report.plugin.version>3.0.0-M6</maven.surefire.report.plugin.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Rest Assured -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.rest-assured</groupId>
<artifactId>rest-assured</artifactId>
<version>${rest.assured.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.4</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${maven.site.plugin.version}</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${maven.surefire.plugin.version}</version>
<configuration>
<testFailureIgnore>true</testFailureIgnore>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${maven.compiler.plugin.version}</version>
<configuration>
<source>${maven.compiler.source.version}</source>
<target>${maven.compiler.target.version}</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<reporting>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-report-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${maven.surefire.report.plugin.version}</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</reporting>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>spring-snapshots</id>
<name>Spring Snapshots</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
<releases>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</releases>
</repository>
</repositories>
<pluginRepositories>
<pluginRepository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</pluginRepository>
<pluginRepository>
<id>spring-snapshots</id>
<name>Spring Snapshots</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
<releases>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</releases>
</pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>
</project>
Step 3 – Create the Test classes
- uses @SpringBootTest annotation which loads the actual application context.
- uses WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT to create and run the application at some random server port.
- @LocalServerPort gets the reference of the port where the server has started. It helps in building the actual request URIs to mimic real client interactions.
Below is the code of the Test class. These classes are created in the src/test/java directory.
import io.restassured.response.ValidatableResponse;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.server.LocalServerPort;
import static io.restassured.RestAssured.given;
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class SpringBootDemoTests {
private final static String BASE_URI = "http://localhost:";
@LocalServerPort
private int port;
@Value("${server.servlet.context-path}")
private String basePath;
private ValidatableResponse response;
@Test
public void verifyController1() throws Exception {
response = given().contentType("application/json")
.header("Content-Type", "application/json")
.when().get(BASE_URI + port + basePath+ "/").then().statusCode(200);
String Actual = response.extract().asString();
System.out.println("Result :"+Actual);
Assertions.assertEquals("Hello World, Spring Boot!", Actual);
}
@Test
public void verifyController2() throws Exception {
response = given().contentType("application/json")
.header("Content-Type", "application/json")
.when().get(BASE_URI + port + basePath+ "/qaautomation").then().statusCode(200);
String Actual = response.extract().asString();
System.out.println("Result :"+Actual);
Assertions.assertEquals("Hello QA Automation!", Actual);
}
}
This class sends the request and receives a response after performing the GET operation. Here, the validation of the response also takes place by asserting the expected and actual response
Step 4 – Create an application.properties file in src/test/resources
Application.properties is created under src/test/java.
spring.profiles.active=test
server.port=8089
server.servlet.context-path=/demo
spring.profiles.active – property to specify which profiles are active. The default profile is always active.
server.port – By default, the embedded server starts on port 8080. Now the server will start on port 8089
server.servlet.context-path – the context path in Spring Boot can be changed by setting a property, server.servlet.context-path.
Step 5 – Run the tests from JUnit5
Right-click on the Test class and select Run ‘SpringBootDemoTests’.
The output of the above program is
This image shows that the profile name is “test”. Application is started on port – “64733” and the context path is “/demo”.
Step 6 – Run the tests from Command Line
Run the tests from the command line by using the below command
mvn clean test site
The output of the above program is
Step 7 – Surefire Report Generation
The test report generated by JUnit is placed under target/site/index.html.
Below is the sample Surefire Report.
Congratulations on making it through this tutorial and hope you found it useful! Happy Learning!! Cheers!!
QA Automation Expert 