Author: vibssingh

vibssingh

Basic Authentication with Postman

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In this tutorial, we’ll learn how to use Postman to test an endpoint secured with Basic Authentication.

Table of Contents

  1. What is Basic Authentication?
  2. Implementation Steps
    1. Create a Collection
    2. Add a request to the Collection
    3. Enter the details – URL, Method, Authorization
    4. Verify the Response

What is Basic Authentication?

Basic Authentication is a simple authentication scheme built into the HTTP protocol. The client sends the username and password encoded in Base64 in the Authorization header.

We will use the following URL for this Postman tutorial.

https://postman-echo.com/basic-auth

Implementation Steps

Below are the steps to use Basic Auth in Postman:

Create a Collection

Step 1: Create a Collection, click on Collections, and then click on the “+” plus button.

Step 2:  Provide a name to the collection – “Authentication”.

Add a request to the Collection

Step 3: To create a new request, click on “Add a request”, if it is a new Collection. Otherwise, click on the 3 dots and select “Add request”.

Enter the details – URL, Method, Authorization

Step 4: Enter the “name” in the request. Here, the name is “Basic Auth”.

Step 5: Enter the “URL” in the address bar. 

https://postman-echo.com/basic-auth

Step 6: Now, select the “GET” request from the list of request methods.

Step 7: Now, go to the “Authorization“ Tab.

Step 8: We need to select “Basic Auth“ from the Dropdown List.

Step 9: We need to enter the username and password. We have set username – postman, password – password.

Step 10: Now, click on the Send button in Postman. The server will respond with the protected resource response message.

Verify the Response

Step 11: Once you press the send button, you will get the response from the server. Make sure you have a proper internet connection; otherwise, you will not get a response.

Status

You can check the status code. Here, we got the status code 200, which means we got a successful response to the request.

Body

In the Body tab of the response box, we have multiple options to see the response in a different format.

Headers

Headers are the extra information that is transferred to the server or the client. In Postman, headers will show like key-value pairs under the headers tab. Click on the Headers link as shown in the below image:

Important Notes

  • Basic Auth is not secure over HTTP – always use HTTPS to encrypt the credentials.
  • Avoid using Basic Auth in production unless it’s over SSL and with additional protections.
  • Postman automatically handles the encoding — you don’t need to Base64 the credentials yourself.

We are done! Congratulations on making it through this tutorial and hope you found it useful! Happy Learning!!

vibssingh

JUnit – Multiple Choice Questions and Answers – MCQ1

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Welcome to the JUnit Quiz! This blog post features 25 multiple-choice questions that explore concepts of JUnit.

1. What is JUnit primarily used for?

Select the best answer

a) Debugging
b) Profiling
c) Unit Testing
d) Continuous Integration

Answer 1

c) Unit Testing

JUnit is a testing framework primarily designed for unit testing in the Java programming language.

2. Which of the following is not correct about JUnit?

Choose one option

a) Junit provides test runners for running test
b) Junit cannot be run automatically
c) Junit is the open-source framework
d) Junit provides an annotation to identify test methods

Answer 2

b) Junit cannot be run automatically

JUnit test can be run automatically and they check their own results and provide immediate feedback.

3. Which annotation is used to indicate a method as a test method in JUnit?

Choose one option

a) @Testify
b) @TestCase
c) @Testing
d) @Test

Answer 3

d) @Test

The @Test annotation is used to mark a method as a test method in JUnit.

4. JUnit test files are written in files with which file extension?

Choose one option

a) .unit
b) .java
c) .test
d) .junit

Answer 4

b) .java

 JUnit test files are regular java files with special methods which are referenced via annotations.

5. Which of the following is NOT a core feature of JUnit?

Choose one option

a) Test suites
b) Test runners
c) Test profilers
d) Test listeners

Answer 5

c) Test profilers

While JUnit provides support for suites, runners, and listeners, it does not have an in-built profiler.

6. If a JUnit test method throws an exception, what will be the outcome?

a) Success
b) Compilation error
c) Failure
d) Ignored

Answer 6

c) Failure

If a JUnit test method throws an exception, the test is considered a failure. 

7. How do you specify that a particular test method should be ignored during execution?

a) @IgnoreTest
b) @Skip
c) @Ignore
d) @Avoid

Answer 7

c) @Ignore

In JUnit, you can specify that a test method should be ignored during execution by using the `@Ignore` annotation. This annotation tells the JUnit framework to skip the execution of the annotated test method. 

8. Which JUnit version introduced the use of annotations?

Choose one option

a) JUnit 3
b) JUnit 4
c) JUnit 5
d) JUnit 2

Answer 8

b) JUnit 4

9. Which of the following annotation causes that method run once before any of the test methods in the class?

Choose one option

a) @Test
b) @Before
c) @BeforeClass
d) @AfterClass

Answer 9

c) @BeforeClass

Annotating a public static void method with @BeforeClass causes it to be run once before any of the test methods in the class.

10.  The @Test annotation tells JUnit that the public void method to which it is attached can be run as a test case.

Choose one option

a) True
b) False

Answer 10

a) True

The @Test annotation tells JUnit that the public void method to which it is attached can be run as a test case.

11. What does the @AfterEach annotation signify?

Choose one option

a) It runs after all test methods in the current test class.
b) It runs before each test method.
c) It runs after each test method.
d) It runs before all test methods in the current test class.

Answer 11

c) It runs after each test method.

The @AfterEach annotation is used to denote a method that should be executed after each test method in the current class.

12. Which JUnit annotation allows parameterized tests?

Choose one option

a) @Parameters
b) @ParameterizedTest
c) @TestWithParams
d) @DataDrivenTest

Answer 12

b) @ParameterizedTest

13. Which annotation is used to run a piece of code before each test method?

Choose one option

a) @Before
b) @Setup
c) @Init
d) @PreTest

Answer 13

a) @Before

The @Before annotation allows a specific method to run before each test method, often used to set up test preconditions.

14.  What is the purpose of the @After annotation in JUnit?

Choose one option

a) To clean up resources after all tests
b) To execute tests in sequence
c) To run code after each test method
d) To initialize test data

Answer 14

c) To run code after each test method

15.  In which version of JUnit was the Jupiter API introduced?

Choose one option

a) JUnit 3
b) JUnit 4
c) JUnit 5
d) JUnit 2

Answer 15

c) JUnit 5

The Jupiter API, which provides a new programming and extension model for writing tests, was introduced in JUnit 5.

16. What is the purpose of the @Test(expected = Exception.class) annotation?

Choose one option

a) To prevent exception throwing
b) To specify an exception that should be thrown
c) To log exceptions
d) To convert exceptions

Answer 16

b) To specify an exception that should be thrown

This indicates that a test is expected to throw a specific exception, validating error handling.

17.  In JUnit, what does the fail() method do when encountered in a test case?

Choose one option

a) Automatically succeeds the test
b) Disregards the error and continues
c) Causes the test to fail unconditionally
d) Logs a warning message but passes

Answer 17

c) Causes the test to fail unconditionally

The fail() method immediately triggers a test failure when executed.

18. How are test cases grouped in JUnit?

Choose one option

a) Using suites
b) With collections
c) Through category annotations
d) By file naming conventions

Answer 18

a) Using suites

JUnit facilitates grouping test cases via test suites, enabling batch execution of related tests.

 19.  What JUnit feature allows us to assume certain preconditions for the execution of a test?

a) Conditional test execution
b) Expectations
c) Assumptions
d) PreTestConditions

Answer 19

c) Assumptions

Assumptions in JUnit, via the Assume class, can determine whether a test should proceed based on certain preconditions.

20. How do you specify a timeout for a test method in JUnit?

Choose one option

a) Using the timeout attribute in the @Test annotation.
b) By calling the setTimeout() method on the test instance.
c) Using a separate @Timeout annotation before the test method.
d) By wrapping the test method inside a TimeLimited block.

Answer 20

a) Using the timeout attribute in the @Test annotation.

21. Which of the following assertions checks that a condition is true?

a) assertThat()
b) assertEquals()
c) assertTrue()
d) assertNotNull()

Answer 21

c) assertTrue()

22.  What functionality does the assertNotNull() method offer?

a) Asserts an object is not null
b) Checks object equality
c) Verifies object types
d) Disallows object creation

Answer 22

a) Asserts an object is not null

assertNotNull() ensures that a specific object reference is not null.

23. Which keyword is used to denote a test case should not execute in JUnit?

a) @SkipTest
b) @Disabled
c) @Postpone
d) @Cancel

Answer 23

b) @Disabled

@Disabled annotation can be added to avoid running specific test cases without deletion.

24. Which version of JUnit introduced lambda functions for assertions?

a) JUnit 3
b) JUnit 4
c) JUnit 5
d) JUnit 6

Answer 24

 c) JUnit 5

25. Which of the following is NOT a type of assertion provided by JUnit?

a) Timeout assertions
b) Conditional assertions
c) Exception assertions
d) Repetition assertions

Answer 25

d) Repetition assertions

We would love to hear from you! Please leave your comments and share your scores in the section below

vibssingh

PyTest Multiple Choice Questions – MCQ2

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Welcome to the Pytest Framework Quiz! This blog post features 25 multiple-choice questions that explore concepts of Pytest Framework.

1. What is pytest primarily used for?

Select the best answer

a) Web development
b) Data science
c) Testing Python code
d) Network programming

Answer 1

c) Testing Python code

2. How can you configure Pytest to show the output of print statements in test runs?

Choose one option

a) Pytest -s
b) Pytest -v
c) Pytest -x
d) Pytest -k

Answer 2

a) Pytest -s

The `-s` option disables output capturing, allowing print statements to display their output in the terminal.

3. Which pytest plugin is used to measure code coverage of tests?

Choose one option

a) pytest-cov
b) pytest-cover
c) pytest-covplugin
d) pytest-check

Answer 3

a) pytest-cov

 You can run Pytest tests with coverage analysis by using the option “–cov”, followed by the name of the module or package to analyze.

4. How can you run a specific test function within a test file using pytest?

Choose one option

a) pytest test_filename::test_function_name
b) pytest -run=test_function_name
c) pytest –function=test_function_name
d) pytest -f test_function_name

Answer 4

a) pytest test_filename::test_function_name

This command allows you to execute only the specified test function within the given test file.

5. What does the `pytest.raises` context manager do?

Choose one option

a) Logs exceptions
b) Retrieves exception details
c) Asserts that a specific exception is raised
d) Avoids exception processing in tests

Answer 5

c) Asserts that a specific exception is raised

Pytest.raises() is used to test if a specific exception is raised during the execution of a Pytest test.

6. How can you generate a JUnit-style XML test report in Pytest?

a) Pytest –junitxml=report.xml
b) Pytest –xml-report=report.xml
c) Pytest –report-junit=report.xml
d) Pytest –junit=report.xml

Answer 6

a) Pytest –junitxml=report.xml

You can generate a JUnit-style XML test report in Pytest by using the option “–junitxml”, followed by the name of the report file.

7. What is the purpose of the assert statement in Pytest tests?

a) To define test fixtures
b) To skip certain tests
c) To define and manage test parameters
d) To check test results and raise an exception if they are not as expected

Answer 7

d) To check test results and raise an exception if they are not as expected

8. What is the purpose of Pytest plugins?

Choose one option

a) To define and manage test fixtures and hooks
b) To extend the functionality of Pytest
c) To skip certain tests
d) To collect and report test results

Answer 8

b) To extend the functionality of Pytest

9. What is the purpose of the Pytest-mock library?

Choose one option

a) To provide mocking functionality for Pytest tests
b) To provide a framework for testing asynchronous code
c) To provide performance testing functionality for Pytest tests
d) To provide load testing functionality for Pytest tests

Answer 9

a) To provide mocking functionality for Pytest tests

The Pytest-mock library is used to provide mocking functionality for Pytest tests.

10.  What is the purpose of the Pytest-bdd library?

Choose one option

a) To provide mocking functionality for Pytest tests
b) To provide a framework for testing asynchronous code
c) To provide performance testing functionality for Pytest tests
d) To provide a behavior-driven development (BDD) testing framework for Pytest tests

Answer 10

d) To provide a behavior-driven development (BDD) testing framework for Pytest tests

The Pytest-bdd library is used to provide a behavior-driven development (BDD) testing framework for Pytest tests.

11. How can you run Pytest tests on multiple Python versions?

Choose one option

a) By using the tox tool
b) By using the Pytest-xdist plugin
c) By using the Pytest-cov plugin
d) By using the Pytest-flake8 plugin

Answer 11

a) By using the tox tool

Tox is a tool specifically designed to automate testing across multiple Python environments, allowing you to define configurations for different Python versions in a `tox.ini` file.

12. What is the purpose of the Pytest-html plugin?

Choose one option

a) To provide mocking functionality for Pytest tests
b) To provide a framework for testing asynchronous code
c) To provide performance testing functionality for Pytest tests
d) To generate HTML reports of Pytest test results

Answer 12

d) To generate HTML reports of Pytest test results

13. What is the purpose of the Pytest-xdist plugin?

Choose one option

a) To provide mocking functionality for Pytest tests
b) To provide a framework for testing asynchronous code
c) To provide performance testing functionality for Pytest tests
d) To distribute Pytest tests across multiple CPUs or machines

Answer 13

d) To distribute Pytest tests across multiple CPUs or machines

The Pytest-xdist plugin is used to distribute Pytest tests across multiple CPUs or machines.

14. What is the purpose of the Pytest-cov plugin?

Choose one option

a) To provide mocking functionality for Pytest tests
b) To provide a framework for testing asynchronous code
c) To provide performance testing functionality for Pytest tests
d) To provide coverage analysis for Pytest tests

Answer 14

d) To provide coverage analysis for Pytest tests

15. How can you mark a Pytest test with a custom label?

Choose one option

a) @Pytest.label
b) @Pytest.tag
c) @Pytest.mark.label
d) @Pytest.mark.tag

Answer 15

d) @Pytest.mark.tag

16. Can we run tests in pytest parallely?

Choose one option

a) Yes
b) No

Answer 16

a) Yes

17.  How can you run Pytest tests in parallel?

Choose one option

a) Pytest -n
b) Pytest -x
c) Pytest -k
d) Pytest -p

Answer 17

a) Pytest -n

You can run Pytest tests in parallel by using the option “-n”, followed by the number of workers to use.

18. Which marker in pytest is used to execute tests serially, avoiding parallel execution?

Choose one option

a) @pytest.single
b) @pytest.serial
c) @pytest.mark.no_parallel
d) @pytest.mark.run

Answer 18

c) @pytest.mark.no_parallel

 19.  How do you parameterize tests in pytest?

a) Use @pytest.param
b) Use @pytest.mark.variable
c) Use @pytest.mark.parametrize
d) Use @pytest.parameterize

Answer 19

c) Use @pytest.mark.parametrize

20. What is the purpose of pytest’s `-q` option?

a) Run tests quietly with minimal output
b) Enable quick testing mode
c) Execute tests without dependencies
d) Provide a verbose output

Answer 20

a) Run tests quietly with minimal output

21. How do you add an environmental variable before running tests in pytest?

a) Use @env
b) Use pytest.env_var
c)  Use the custom fixture setup
d) Directly set the variable in the terminal

Answer 21

d) Directly set the variable in the terminal

Setting environment variables directly in the terminal is a common way to configure the environment before running pytest tests.

22. Which pytest feature allows grouping and organizing test codes logically?

a) Packages
b) Test Suites
c) Collections
d) Test Modules

Answer 22

b) Test Suites

23. What is the function of pytest.ini or tox.ini in the context of pytest?

a) To manage test assertions
b) To configure pytest options and plugins
c) To store test logs
d) To compile test code

Answer 23

b) To configure pytest options and plugins

24. How can test output be redirected to a file in pytest?

a) Use –logfile=file.log
b) pytest –log=file.log
c) Redirect output manually in the terminal
d) pytest test.py > output.log

Answer 24

d) pytest test.py > output.log

The command pytest test.py > output.log is used to execute tests in a file named test.py using pytest, while redirecting the console output to a file named output.log

25. How do you ignore warnings in pytest test outputs?

a) –ignore-warnings
b) –restrict-warnings
c) –disable-warnings
d) pytest does not support ignoring warnings

Answer 25

c) –disable-warnings

You can use the --disable-warnings command-line option to suppress the warning summary entirely from the test run output.

We would love to hear from you! Please leave your comments and share your scores in the section below

vibssingh

Automate JMeter Testing with GitHub Actions

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Integrating JMeter with GitHub using the JMeter Maven plugin enables you to automate performance testing within your CI/CD pipeline. Here’s how you can set up this integration effectively:

Table of Content

  1. Prerequisite:
  2. Implementation Steps
    1. Create a JMeter script
    2. Create a Maven project and place the JMeter script in it
    3. Add JMeter Maven Plugin to `pom.xml`
    4. Run the JMeter tests using the command line
    5. View the JMeter Test Result
    6. Create a new repository in GitHub
    7. Push the Maven JMeter project to GitHub
    8. Create GitHub Actions and Workflows
    9. Select the type of Actions
    10. Generation of Sample pipeline
    11. Commit the changes
    12. Verify that the workflow is running
    13. Verify the JMeter Report published in GitHub

Prerequisite:

  1. JMeter is installed
  2. Java is installed
  3. Maven is installed
  4. Eclipse or IntelliJ is installed
  5. Account in GitHub

Implementation Steps

1.Create a JMeter script

Create a JMeter script (.jmx) which load test the application. Here, I have created a JMeter script (.jmx file) for load testing a SOAP web service involves setting up HTTP Request samplers to interact with the SOAP endpoints. 

2. Create a Maven project and place the JMeter script in it

Create a Maven project and create a directory in src/test as jmeter and place the JMeter script in it.

For more details, please refer this tutorial – How to use the JMeter Maven Plugin.

3. Add JMeter Maven Plugin to `pom.xml`

Modify the pom.xml to include the JMeter Maven plugin. You can also refer this tutorial to learn to configure JMeter plugin – How to use the JMeter Maven Plugin

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>JMeter_GitHub_Integration</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>JMeter_GitHub_Integration</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.14.0</version>
        <configuration>
          <source>17</source>
          <target>17</target>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>

      <plugin>
        <groupId>com.lazerycode.jmeter</groupId>
        <artifactId>jmeter-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.8.0</version>
        <executions>
          <!-- Generate JMeter configuration -->
          <execution>
            <id>configuration</id>
            <goals>
              <goal>configure</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
          <!-- Run JMeter tests -->
          <execution>
            <id>jmeter-tests</id>
            <goals>
              <goal>jmeter</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
          <!-- Fail build on errors in test -->
          <execution>
            <id>jmeter-check-results</id>
            <goals>
              <goal>results</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
        <configuration>
          <generateReports>true</generateReports>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

4. Run the JMeter tests using the command line

Use the below command to run the JMeter script using the command line.

mvn clean verify

The output of the above program is

5. View the JMeter Test Result

The results are located at /target/jmeter/reports. You will find an HTML report named “Index.html”:

Right-click on the Index.html and select Open In->Browser->Chrome (any browser of your wish).

6. Create a new repository in GitHub

Please refer to this tutorial to learn to create a new repository in GitHub – How to create a new repository on GitHub

7. Push the Maven JMeter project to GitHub

Use the below commands to push the JMeter_GitHub_Integration project to GitHub.

echo "# JMeter_Github_Integration" >> README.md
git init
git add .
git commit -m "Jmeter Tests"
git branch -M main
git remote add origin https://github.com/vibssingh/JMeter_Github_Integration.git
git push -u origin main

Go to the GitHub and verify that JMeter project is pushed to GitHub.

8. Create GitHub Actions and Workflows

I have a repository available in GitHub – JMeter_GitHub_Integration as shown in the below image. Go to the “Actions” tab.  Click on the “Actions” tab.

9. Select the type of Actions

You will see that GitHub recommends Actions depending on the project. In our case, it is recommending actions suitable for a Java project. I have selected the “Java with Maven” option as my project is built in Maven.

10. Generation of Sample pipeline

If you choose an existing option, it will automatically generate a .yaml for the project as shown below.

We will replace the current workflow with the following .yml file as shown below:

name: JMeter Test Run

on:
  push:
    branches: [ "main" ]
  pull_request:
    branches: [ "main" ]

jobs:
  build:

    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - name: Set up JDK 17
      uses: actions/setup-java@v4
      with:
        java-version: '17'
        distribution: 'temurin'
    
    - name: Run JMeter tests
      run: mvn clean verify

    - name: JMeter Test Report Generation
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
      if: success() || failure()
      with:
          name: JMeter Report                                             # Name of the folder
          path: target/jmeter/reports/SOAP_Request           # Path to test results

11. Commit the changes

After the changes, hit the “Start Commit” button.

This will give the option to add a description for the commit. It will also enable the user to commit either to the main branch or commit to any other branch that exists in the project. Click on the “Commit new file” button to set up the workflow file.

12. Verify that the workflow is running

Next, head over to the “Actions” tab, and you will see your YAML workflow file present under the tab. The yellow sign represents that the job is in the queue.

In Progress – When the job starts building and running, you will see the status change from “Queued” to “in progress”.

Passed – If the build is successful, you will see a green tick mark. 

Click on the workflow and the below screen is displayed. It shows the status of the run of the workflow, the total time taken to run the workflow, and the name of the .yml file.

Below shows all the steps of the workflow.

13. Verify the JMeter Report published in GitHub

From the logs of the Workflow, you can see that the Test Report step was executed successfully.

Once the pipeline run, a JMeter Report folder will be generated as shown in the below image:

When we click on the folder JMeter Report, a zipped file will be downloaded. We can extract it to see all the files contained within it.

Open the folder and we will see all the files including index.html and others.

Open the index.html and we will see the report.

Congratulations on making it through this tutorial and hope you found it useful! Happy Learning!! Cheers!!

vibssingh

How to Use Pytest for REST API Testing

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Pytest is a versatile testing framework in Python. It can be used for various types of testing, like REST API testing. In this tutorial, we will test Rest API in PyTest Framework.

Table of Contents

  1. Prerequisite
  2. Implementation Steps
    1. Setup and Required Libraries
    2. Setup PyTest Project
    3. Writing Test Cases
    4. Running the Tests
    5. Generating HTML report

Prerequisite:

  1. Python is installed on the machine
  2. PIP is installed on the machine
  3. PyCharm or other Python Editor is installed on the machine

If you need help in installing Python, please refer to this tutorial – How to Install Python on Windows 11.

If you need help in installing PyCharms, please refer to this tutorial – How to install PyCharms on Windows 11.

Implementation Steps

Step 1 – Setup and Required Libraries

1.1 Install pytest

pip install -U pytest

1.2 Install requests

pip install pytest requests

Step 2 – Setup PyTest Project

2.1 Create a new project folder and open it in PyCharm.

2.2 – Go to the project folder and create a new python file – test_restapi.py.

2.3 – Add requests package to the PyCharms

Go to File->Settings ->Project: PyTest_Framework->Python Interpreter.

Click on the “+” sign and enter allure-r in the search bar. It will show a list of packages. Select the “requests” package and click on the “Install Package”.

Once the package is installed, we will see the message that the package is installed successfully.

Step 3- Writing Test Cases

import pytest
import requests

BASE_URL = "https://reqres.in/api"

def test_get_endpoint():
       response = requests.get(f"{BASE_URL}/users/2")
       assert response.status_code == 200
       assert response.json()["data"]["email"]   == "janet.weaver@reqres.in"
       assert response.json()["data"]["id"] == 2
       assert response.json()["data"]["first_name"] == "Janet"
       assert response.json()["data"]["last_name"] == "Weaver"

def test_post_endpoint():
       payload = {"name": "Vibha", "job": "CTO"}
       headers = {"x-api-key": "reqres-free-v1"}

       response = requests.post(f"{BASE_URL}/users", headers=headers, json=payload)

       print(response.status_code)
       print(response.text) 
       assert response.status_code == 201
       assert response.json()["name"] == "Vibha"

Explanation

This is the base URL pointing to the API server on which the endpoints will be tested.

BASE_URL = "https://reqres.in/api"

1.Function: test_get_endpoint()

Sends a GET request to fetch user details with ID 2.

response = requests.get(f"{BASE_URL}/users/2")

Verifies that the response status is 200, indicating success.

assert response.status_code == 200

Checks that the email, id, first_name and last_name in the response matches the expected value.

assert response.json()["data"]["email"]   == "janet.weaver@reqres.in"
assert response.json()["data"]["id"] == 2
assert response.json()["data"]["first_name"] == "Janet"
assert response.json()["data"]["last_name"] == "Weaver"

2. Function: test_post_endpoint()

Defines the payload (data) to be sent in the POST request, specifying the name and job.

payload = {"name": "Vibha", "job": "CTO"}

Sets a custom header.

headers = {"x-api-key": "reqres-free-v1"}

Sends a POST request with the payload and headers.

response = requests.post(f"{BASE_URL}/users", headers=headers, json=payload)

Print the status code and response text for debugging purposes.

print(response.status_code)
print(response.text)

Checks whether the server returned a status code of 201, indicating resource creation.

assert response.status_code == 201

Validates that the name returned in the response matches the submitted name “Vibha”.

assert response.json()["name"] == "Vibha"

Step 4- Running the Tests

pytest test_api.py

The output of the above execution is

If you have pytest-html plugin already installed, then we can generate a HTML Report also. To learn more, please refer to this – How to generate HTML Report in PyTest Framework

pytest test_api.py --html=report.html

The report.html report will be generated in the root directory.

Step 5 – Generating HTML report

Right-click and open with Web Browser.

Enhancements and Best Practices:

  1. Use fixtures for setting up test data or configuration if needed.
  2. Use parameterized testing to run a test function with multiple sets of inputs.
  3. Consider organizing tests in different files based on different functionalities or endpoints in your API.

That’s it! Congratulations on making it through this tutorial and hope you found it useful! Happy Learning!!

vibssingh

GitHub – Multiple Choice Questions and Answers – MCQ1

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Welcome to the GitHub Quiz! This blog post features 25 multiple-choice questions that explore concepts of GitHub.

1. What is GitHub?

Select the best answer

a) A software to draw diagrams
b) A web-based platform for version control and collaboration
c) A mobile app for photo editing
d) A music player

Answer 1

b) A web-based platform for version control and collaboration

GitHub is a web-based platform used for hosting Git repositories. It enables collaboration by providing tools for version control, issue tracking, and project management, making it easier for teams to work together.

2. What is the primary purpose of GitHub?

Choose one option

a) To host Git repositories
b) To write code
c) To debug programs
d) To compile code

Answer 2

a) To host Git repositories

3. GitHub is based on which version control system?

Choose one option

a) Mercurial
b) SVN
c) Git
d) CVS

Answer 3

c) Git

4. Which of these is NOT a feature of GitHub?

Choose one option

a) Repository hosting
b) Issue tracking
c) Video streaming
d) Pull requests

Answer 4

c) Video streaming

5. Which icon is used to “star” a repository?

Choose one option

a) 🛠️
b) ⭐
c) 💬
d) 🔒

Answer 5

b) ⭐

6. What is the purpose of a GitHub repository’s README.md file?

a) To describe the project and provide instructions
b) To store sensitive information
c) To commit code changes
d) To manage branches

Answer 6

a) To describe the project and provide instructions. 

The README.md file in a GitHub repository serves as the main documentation for the project. It typically contains a description of the project. It provides instructions on how to install and use it. The README also includes information on how to contribute.

7. What is the purpose of the Issues tab in a repository?

a) Chat with followers
b) Log bugs, tasks, or feature requests
c) Share files
d) View stars

Answer 7

b) Log bugs, tasks, or feature requests

The Issues tab in a repository is used for logging and tracking bugs, tasks, or feature requests. It serves as a project management tool, allowing contributors to identify, discuss, and resolve various issues related to the project.

8. What does the “Fork” button do?

Choose one option

a) Merges two branches
b) Creates a duplicate copy of a repository under your account
c) Deletes the repository
d) Creates a zip file

Answer 8

b) Creates a duplicate copy of a repository under your account

The “Fork” button on platforms like GitHub or GitLab creates a copy of a repository under your own account.

9. What is GitHub Pages used for?

Choose one option

a) Database hosting
b) Deploying static websites
c) Messaging
d) Cloud computing

Answer 9

b) Deploying static websites

GitHub Pages is a feature provided by GitHub that allows users to host static websites directly from their repositories. It is an ideal platform for creating projects, documentation, or personal websites. It leverages static files such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. There is no need for server-side processing.

10.  Which GitHub feature allows you to manage bugs and tasks?

Choose one option

a) Projects
b) Issues
c) Actions
d) Forks

Answer 10

b) Issues

GitHub Issues is a feature that allows the tracking and management of bugs, tasks, and enhancements within a repository.

11. What does “watching” a repository mean?

Choose one option

a) Getting updates
b) Downloading
c) Editing
d) Sharing

Answer 11

a) Getting updates

“Watching” a repository on platforms like GitHub means subscribing to notifications and updates related to the repository. When you watch a repository, you receive notifications about new releases, pull requests, issues, and any discussions or changes made within that repository.

12. What does a green check mark in a pull request indicate?

Choose one option

a) Merged
b) Pending
c) Failed tests
d) Passed checks

Answer 12

d) Passed checks

In the context of a pull request on platforms like GitHub, a green check mark typically indicates that all checks have passed successfully. This can include automated tests, linting, and other CI/CD pipeline checks that are set to run on the code changes within the pull request.

13. What is the default branch name in a new GitHub repository (as of 2020+)?

Choose one option

a) master
b) default
c) main
d) dev

Answer 13

c) main

Starting from late 2020, GitHub changed the default branch name for new repositories from “master” to “main”. This change was part of a broader effort to make inclusive naming the default across software projects and platforms.

14. What symbol is used to reference users on GitHub?

Choose one option

a) #
b) $
c) @
d) &

Answer 14

c) @ s

15. How can you open a pull request on GitHub?

Choose one option

a) Through the command line
b) Through the repository page on GitHub
c) Only with admin access
d) By watching the repository

Answer 15

b) Through the repository page on GitHub

To open a pull request on GitHub, you first go to the repository page. This is where you have forked or made changes. From there, you click on the “Pull Requests” tab. Next, click on the “New Pull Request” button to propose your changes. 

16. Which tab in a GitHub repo lets you download a ZIP of the project?

Choose one option

a) Code
b) Pull requests
c) Issues
d) Actions

Answer 16

a) Code

17.  Can you edit a file directly on GitHub without cloning it?

Choose one option

a) No
b) Yes
c) Only admins can
d) Only with GitHub Pro

Answer 17

b) Yes

18. What do you need to clone a GitHub repo?

Choose one option

a) A password
b) A link to the repository
c) A GitHub invitation
d) An SSH certificate

Answer 18

b) A link to the repository

 19.  What does the “Insights” tab show?

a) Programming errors
b) Contribution and activity stats
c) File size
d) Email history

Answer 19

b) Contribution and activity stats

20. Where is the “README.md” file displayed?

Choose one option

a) Inside the issues
b) At the top of the repository main page
c) In GitHub Pages
d) Hidden from users

Answer 20

b) At the top of the repository main page.

21. What’s the purpose of a commit message?

a) To delete files
b) To describe what changes were made
c) To reset changes
d) To download the code

Answer 21

b) To describe what changes were made

22. What is required to create a GitHub account?

a) Mobile number
b) GitHub invite code
c) Email address
d) GitHub token

Answer 22

c) Email address

23. What does the green “Code” button do on a repo’s main page?

a) Upload files
b) Share a video
c) Lets you clone or download the repository
d) Edit code online

Answer 23

c) Lets you clone or download the repository

24. Which GitHub feature displays the commit history visually?

a) Timeline
b) Graph
c) Network
d) Feed

Answer 24

 c) Network

25. Which GitHub feature can automate workflows?

a) GitHub Pages
b) GitHub Actions
c) GitHub Gist
d) GitHub Sponsors

Answer 25

b) GitHub Actions

We would love to hear from you! Please leave your comments and share your scores in the section below

vibssingh

Robot Framework – Multiple Choice Questions and Answers – MCQ2

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Welcome to the Robot Framework Quiz! This blog post features 25 multiple-choice questions that explore concepts of Robot Framework.

1. Which command line tool is used to execute Robot Framework tests?

Select the best answer

a) robot
b) run_rf
c) test_execute
d) execute_robot

Answer 1

a) robot

2. Which configuration is used to define test setup and teardown in Robot Framework?

Choose one option

a) Test Configuration
b) Test Fixture
c) Suite Setup
d) Keyword Setup

Answer 2

c) Suite Setup

*** Settings ***
Documentation       Tests to login to Login Page
Library     SeleniumLibrary
Test Setup      Open the Browser with URL
Test Teardown   Close Browser Session
Resource       ../Resources/GenericResources.robot

3. Robot Framework is built on top of which programming language?

Choose one option

a) Python
b) JavaScript
c) C#
d) PHP

Answer 3

a) Python

Robot Framework is primarily implemented using Python, and it relies on Python libraries for its functionality. It also allows for creation of test libraries using Python.

4. What is the name of the tool provided by Robot Framework to execute test cases?

Choose one option

a) Test Runner
b) RobotExecutor
c) Pybot
d) RIDE

Answer 4

c) Pybot

5. Which command is used to install Robot Framework using pip?

Choose one option

a) pip install robot
b) pip install robotframework
c) pip install robotframework-core
d) pip install robotframework-tools

Answer 5

pip install robotframework

6. In which format are the test results generated by Robot Framework by default?

a) PDF
b) Excel
c) HTML
d) JSON

Answer 6

c) HTML

7. How do you write a comment in a Robot Framework test case file?

a) // This is a comment
b)  # This is a comment
c) % This is a comment
d) Comment This is a comment

Answer 7

b)  # This is a comment

8. What is the purpose of the RequestsLibrary in Robot Framework?

Choose one option

a) To provide keywords for database operations
b) To provide keywords for web testing
c) To provide keywords for file operations
d) To provide keywords for REST API testing

Answer 8

d) To provide keywords for REST API testing

The RequestsLibrary in Robot Framework provides keywords for testing REST APIs. It supports making HTTP requests and validating responses using different methods.

9. What is the purpose of the DatabaseLibrary in Robot Framework?

Choose one option

a) To provide keywords for database operations
b) To provide keywords for web testing
c) To provide keywords for file operations
d) To provide keywords for REST API testing

Answer 9

a) To provide keywords for database operations

The DatabaseLibrary in Robot Framework provides keywords for database testing. It supports connecting to different types of databases and executing SQL queries.

10.  What is the purpose of the Collections library in Robot Framework?

Choose one option

a) To provide keywords for manipulating collections
b) To provide keywords for web testing
c) To provide keywords for file operations
d) To provide keywords for REST API testing

Answer 10

a) To provide keywords for manipulating collections

The Collections library in Robot Framework provides keywords for manipulating different types of collections like lists, dictionaries, and sets.

11. What is the purpose of the Requests library in Robot Framework?

Choose one option

a) To provide keywords for interacting with HTTP services using the Requests library
b) To provide keywords for web testing
c) To provide keywords for file operations
d) To provide keywords for REST API testing

Answer 11

a) To provide keywords for interacting with HTTP services using the Requests library

The Requests library in Robot Framework provides keywords for interacting with HTTP services using the Requests library. It supports sending HTTP requests and receiving HTTP responses.

12.  What is the purpose of the AppiumLibrary in Robot Framework?

Choose one option

a) To provide keywords for mobile app testing using Appium
b) To provide keywords for web testing using Selenium
c) To provide keywords for file operations
d) To provide keywords for REST API testing

Answer 12

a) To provide keywords for mobile app testing using Appium

The AppiumLibrary in Robot Framework provides keywords for mobile app testing using Appium. It supports automating mobile apps on different platforms.

13. What is the purpose of the “Documentation” keyword in Robot Framework test cases?

Choose one option

a) To execute a test case
b) To import a module
c) To provide an explanation of the test case
d) To declare a variable

Answer 13

c) To provide an explanation of the test case

14. Which file generated by Robot Framework provides a high-level overview of the test execution results?

Choose one option

a) Log.html
b) Output.xml
c) Report.html
d) Summary.txt

Answer 14

c) Report.html

15. In Robot Framework, which file contains detailed information about each step of the test execution?

Choose one option

a) Log.html
b) Output.xml
c) Report.html
d) DetailedLog.html

Answer 15

a) Log.html

16. Which of the following assertion levels is captured by default in Robot Framework logs?

Choose one option

a) DEBUG
b) TRACE
c) INFO
d) WARNING

Answer 16

c) INFO

17.  What is the command to run a Robot Framework test file named `test.robot` using Python?

Choose one option

a) python -m test.robot
b) python robot.run test.robot
c) robot test.robot
d) python -m robot test.robot

Answer 17

c) robot test.robot

18. Robot Framework supports parallel testing?

Choose one option

a) Yes
b) No

Answer 18

a) Yes

 19.  Which tool is commonly used to enable parallel execution of Robot Framework test cases?

a) RobotIDE
b) Selenium Grid
c) Pabot
d) Pybot

Answer 19

c) Pabot

Pabot is a parallel test runner for Robot Framework. It can be used to run tests in parallel on a single machine with multiple processes.

20. To run tests in parallel, the test cases in Robot Framework must be:

Choose one option

a) Written in a single file
b) Independent of each other
c) Using only one library
d) Sequentially organized

Answer 20

b) Independent of each other.

21. In Pabot, how can you separate test cases logically for parallel execution?

a) Cluster by keyword usage
b) Group using tags
c) Divide based on file size
d) Merge test data files

Answer 21

b) Group using tags

22. Which command is used to solely convert an `Output.xml` file to a log and report?

a) robot –relog Output.xml
b) rebot –recreate Output.xml
c) rebot Output.xml
d) robot –convert Output.xml

Answer 22

c) rebot Output.xml

23. How can you disable the generation of the report file in Robot Framework?

a) Use the option –no-report
b) Use the option –disable-report
c) Use the option –skip-report
d) Use the option –report NONE

Answer 23

d) Use the option –report NONE

24. What is the purpose of the Faker library in Robot Framework?

a) To generate random test data
b) To provide keywords for web testing using Selenium
c) To provide keywords for file operations
d) To provide keywords for mobile app testing using Appium

Answer 24

 a) To generate random test data

25. Can we run Robot Framework tests in CI/CD pipeline?

a) Yes
b) No

Answer 25

a) Yes

We would love to hear from you! Please leave your comments and share your scores in the section below

vibssingh

Pytest Multiple Choice Questions – MCQ1

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Welcome to the Pytest Framework Quiz! This blog post features 25 multiple-choice questions that explore concepts of Pytest Framework.

1. What is Pytest?

Select the best answer

a) A test automation framework for Python
b) A programming language
c) A code editor
d) A version control system

Answer 1

a) A test automation framework for Python

2. What is the file naming convention for Pytest test files?

Choose one option

a) test_
b) Pytest_
c) testfile_
d) Pytestfile_

Answer 2

a) test_

Pytest test files typically start with the prefix “test_”, which allows Pytest to automatically discover and execute these files as test suites.

3. What file extension is commonly used for pytest test files?

Choose one option

a)  .pytest
b)  .py
c)  .test
d) .pt

Answer 3

b)  .py

Pytest test files use the standard Python file extension “.py” and typically start with the prefix “test_” to facilitate test discovery.

4. How can you run a specific Pytest test file?

Choose one option

a) Pytest
b) Pytest test_file.py
c) Pytest -k “test_function”
d) Pytest –collect-only

Answer 4

b) Pytest test_file.py

This command will execute all the test cases available in the specified test file.

5. What is the purpose of fixtures in Pytest?

Choose one option

a) To define and manage test dependencies
b) To skip certain tests
c) To define and manage test parameters
d) To collect and report test results

Answer 5

a) To define and manage test dependencies

Fixtures are used to set up preconditions and cleanup actions, providing a reliable way to create shared test data or manage state that you need to be available throughout your test functions.

6. Which pytest feature allows you to run setup and teardown code for test functions?

a) Fixtures
b) Hooks
c) Parameters
d) Mocks

Answer 6

a) Fixtures

7. What is the purpose of conftest.py in Pytest?

a) To define and manage test fixtures and hooks shared across tests
b) To define and manage test parameters
c) To skip certain tests
d) To collect and report test results

Answer 7

a) To define and manage test fixtures and hooks shared across tests

conftest.py is a file in Pytest that is used to define and manage test fixtures and hooks, which can be used across multiple test files.

8. What is the purpose of using `yield` in pytest fixtures?

Choose one option

a) To iterate over test cases
b) To pause execution and return a value to the test
c) To define global test variables
d) To log results of a test

Answer 8

b) To pause execution and return a value to the test

9. In a pytest fixture, what follows the execution of the code after the `yield` statement?

Choose one option

a) Initialization code only
b) Fixture teardown code
c) More test assertions
d) Fixture setup code

Answer 9

b) Fixture teardown code

The yield statement is used in fixtures to create a setup and teardown mechanism for test resources. When a fixture contains a yield statement, the code before the yield acts as the setup code (code executed before the test), and the code after the yield acts as the teardown code (code executed after the test).

10.  Can a pytest fixture using `yield` return multiple values to a test function?

Choose one option

a) Yes, using multiple yield statements
b) No, it can return only one value per test
c) Yes, using a list of values
d) Only when combined with a generator object

Answer 10

b) No, it can return only one value per test

11. What happens if you attempt to use both `yield` and `return` in the same pytest fixture?

Choose one option

a) The fixture will execute both statements
b) The fixture will prioritize the return statement
c) It will result in a syntax error
d) The fixture will use the yield statement first

Answer 11

c) It will result in a syntax error

12.  How is a fixture defined in pytest?

Choose one option

a) As a class method
b) Using the `pytest.fixture` decorator
c) Within a `class TestFixture`
d) As a test function with “fix_” prefix

Answer 12

b) Using the `pytest.fixture` decorator.

Below is an example of fixture. In this example, the setup fixture is defined using the @pytest.fixture decorator. It will be executed before any test. The test function (test_fixture) use this fixture as an argument.

import pytest
 
@pytest.fixture()
def setup():
    print("This will be executed before any test")
 
 
def test_fixture(setup):
    print("This is the fixture main method")

13. How can you make a fixture available to test functions without directly invoking it?

Choose one option

a) By importing the fixture
b) By naming the fixture with a test prefix
c) By declaring the fixture in a `conftest.py` file
d) By specifying the fixture in the test command

Answer 13

c) By declaring the fixture in a `conftest.py` file

14. Which parameter in pytest allows a fixture to be shared among multiple tests within the same module or session?

Choose one option

a) scope=”local”
b) scope=”shared”
c) scope=”global”
d) scope=”module” or scope=”session”

Answer 14

d) scope=”module” or scope=”session”

15. How can you access fixture parameters in pytest?

Choose one option

a) Through global variables
b) As a return value from a fixture function
c) By using the `request.param` attribute
d) As environment variables

Answer 15

c) By using the `request.param` attribute

When a fixture is parameterized, you can use the `request` object within the fixture to access the individual parameter values with `request.param`.

16. How can a fixture be used only if a specific condition is met?

Choose one option

a) By declaring fixture dependencies
b) By using conditional statements inside the test
c) By combining fixtures with marks
d) By using hooks

Answer 16

b) By using conditional statements inside the test

While pytest itself does not provide a built-in feature to conditionally use fixtures, you can write conditional logic in your test functions to decide if a fixture should be applied or not, based on certain conditions.

17.  How can you mark a test as expected to fail in Pytest?

a) @Pytest.xfail
b) @Pytest.mark.xfail
c) @Pytest.expected_failure
d) @Pytest.mark.expected_failure

Answer 17

b) @Pytest.mark.xfail

You can mark a test as expected to fail in Pytest by using the decorator “@Pytest.mark.xfail”.

18. How can you skip a test in pytest?

a) @skip
b) @pytest.mark.skip
c) @pytest.ignore
d) @skipTest

Answer 18

b) @pytest.mark.skip

 19.  How can you skip a Pytest test conditionally?

a) @Pytest.skipif
b) @Pytest.mark.skip
c) @Pytest.mark.skipif
d) @Pytest.skip

Answer 19

c) @Pytest.mark.skipif

This allows you to specify a condition under which the test will be skipped. The condition should be a boolean expression.

20. How can you set up and use a Pytest test fixture?

Choose one option

a) By using the @Pytest.fixture decorator
b) By using the @Pytest.setup decorator
c) By using the @Pytest.test fixture decorator
d) By using the @Pytest.run decorator

Answer 20

a) By using the @Pytest.fixture decorator

This decorator is used to mark a method in your test code as a fixture, allowing you to set up some context or state before running a test function.

21. How can you select and run specific Pytest tests based on their name?

a) Pytest -m “marker”
b) Pytest -k “expression”
c) Pytest –collect-only
d) Pytest –last-failed

Answer 21

b) Pytest -k “expression”

The `-k` option allows you to specify an expression to match test names or keywords you want to run.

def test_addition():
    # Test addition functionality
    pass

def test_subtraction():
    # Test subtraction functionality
    pass

Command to run tests with names containing “add”: pytest -k “add”

22. How can you run tests that are marked with a specific tag using pytest?

a) pytest --tag=name
b) pytest -k name
c) pytest --only-mark=name
d) pytest -m name

Answer 22

c) pytest -m name

The `-m` option allows you to specify which tests to run based on their marker. Command to run tests marked as `slow`: pytest -m slow

import pytest

@pytest.mark.slow
def test_long_running():
    # Simulates a long-running test
    pass

@pytest.mark.fast
def test_quick():
    # Simulates a quick test
    pass

23. What command-line option increases test output verbosity in pytest?

a) –silent
b) -v
c) –minimal
d) -verbosity

Answer 23

b) -v

24. How do you make a test dependent on another test in pytest?

a) Use @pytest.depends
b) Use pytest.dependency_marker
c) Pytest does not support direct dependency management
d) Use @pytest.mark.dependson

Answer 24

 c) Pytest does not support direct dependency management

In pytest, tests are generally designed to be independent of one another. The framework encourages writing self-contained tests without direct dependencies, though there are plugins like `pytest-dependency` that can help manage dependencies if needed.

25. How would you access the fixture return value in a test function?

a) Utilize context managers
b) Call directly by name
c) Assign during fixture setup
d) Pass as a parameter to the test function

Answer 25

d) Pass as a parameter to the test function

We would love to hear from you! Please leave your comments and share your scores in the section below

vibssingh

Robot Framework Multiple Choice Questions – MCQ1

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Welcome to the Robot Framework Quiz! This blog post features 25 multiple-choice questions that explore concepts of Robot Framework.

1. What is Robot Framework?

Select the best answer

a) A testing framework for web applications
b) A framework for building robots
c) A framework for building web applications
d) A framework for building mobile applications

Answer 1

a) A testing framework for web applications

Robot Framework is a generic test automation framework for acceptance testing and acceptance test-driven development (ATDD). It is a keyword-driven testing framework where keywords are written in a tabular format and test cases are written in a human-readable format.

2. What is the primary purpose of the Robot Framework?

Choose one option

a) Mobile App Development
b) Database Management
c) Test Automation
d) Web Development

Answer 2

c) Test Automation

3. Which programming language is used in Robot Framework?

Choose one option

a) Python
b) JavaScript
c) C#
d) PHP

Answer 3

a) Python

Robot Framework is primarily implemented using Python, and it relies on Python libraries for its functionality. It also allows for creation of test libraries using Python.

4. What is a test suite in Robot Framework?

Choose one option

a) A collection of test cases
b) A collection of keywords
c) A collection of test data
d) A collection of test results

Answer 4

a) A collection of test cases

A test suite in Robot Framework is a collection of test cases that can be executed together.

5. What is a test case in Robot Framework?

Choose one option

a) A set of steps to verify a specific behavior
b) A function that returns a Boolean value
c) A keyword that performs a specific action
d) A data structure that contains input and expected output

Answer 5

a) A set of steps to verify a specific behavior

A test case in Robot Framework is a set of steps that are executed to verify a specific behavior. Test cases can be defined using keywords or using a scripting language like Python.

6. What is a keyword in Robot Framework?

a) A function that performs a specific action
b) A data structure that contains input and expected output
c) A test suite that contains a collection of test cases
d) A set of steps to verify a specific behavior

Answer 6

a) A function that performs a specific action

A keyword in Robot Framework is a function that performs a specific action. 

7. What is the purpose of the BuiltIn library in Robot Framework?

a) To provide keywords for common operations
b) To provide keywords for database operations
c) To provide keywords for web testing
d) To provide keywords for file operations

Answer 7

a) To provide keywords for common operations

The BuiltIn library in Robot Framework provides keywords for common operations like logging, variable manipulation, and flow control. It is one of the default libraries included in Robot Framework.

8. Which library is commonly used with Robot Framework for web testing?

Choose one option

a) NumPy
b) Requests
c) SeleniumLibrary
d) Matplotlib

Answer 8

c) SeleniumLibrary

9.What is the purpose of the SeleniumLibrary in Robot Framework?

Choose one option

a) To provide keywords for database operations
b) To provide keywords for web testing
c) To provide keywords for file operations
d) To provide keywords for REST API testing

Answer 9

b) To provide keywords for web testing

The SeleniumLibrary in Robot Framework provides keywords for web testing using the Selenium WebDriver. It supports both testing on real browsers and testing on headless browsers.

10.  Which syntax does Robot Framework use for writing test cases?

Choose one option

a) JSON
b) XML
c) HTML
d) Keyword-driven syntax

Answer 10

d) Keyword-driven syntax

11. What is the primary file extension for Robot Framework test cases?

Choose one option

a) .rfw
b) .robot
c) .rf
d) .script

Answer 11

b) .robot

12. In Robot Framework, what is the term used for a reusable set of test steps?

Choose one option

a) Test Suite
b) Test Log
c) Test Keyword
d) Test Case

Answer 12

c) Test Keyword

13. Which format does Robot Framework support for its settings and test cases?

Choose one option

a) JSON
b) XML
c) CSV
d) Plain text

Answer 13

d) Plain text

14. In Robot Framework, how do you define a test case?

Choose one option

a) Using `def` keyword
b) By writing a function
c) By listing the name under the Test Cases section
d) By using a `class` declaration

Answer 14

c) By listing the name under the Test Cases section. Example of Test Cases

*** Test Cases ***
Validate Unsuccessful Login
    Open the Browser with URL
    Fill the login form
    Verify error message is correct

15. How do you define a variable in Robot Framework?

Choose one option

a) ${variable_name}
b) $variable_name
c) var variable_name
d) variable_name

Answer 15

a) ${variable_name}

Variables which are defined in the *** Variables *** section are available in all test cases and keywords in the same file. 

${result}=  Get Text    CSS:.oxd-alert-content-text

16. Which of these is the correct syntax for a for loop in Robot Framework?

Choose one option

a) FOR ${item} IN @{items}
– Log ${item}
b) For(${item} in @{items}):
– Log ${item}
c) for ${item} in items:
– Log ${item}
d) LOOP ${item} FROM @{items}
– Log ${item}

Answer 16

a) FOR ${item} IN @{items}
– Log ${item}

*** Test Cases ***
Loop Example
    @{users}    Create List    admin    user1    user2
    FOR    ${user}    IN    @{users}
        Log    User: ${user}
    END

17.  How do you import a library in Robot Framework?

Choose one option

a) Import Library
b) include Library
c) Library Import
d) Library

Answer 17

d) Library

Test libraries are imported by selecting the Library option in the Setting section and entering the library name in the following column. The collection name, unlike most other data, is case and space sensitive. If a library is part of a package, use the complete name, including the package name.

Library     SeleniumLibrary
Library     String

18. Which of the following is a valid way to call a keyword in Robot Framework?

Choose one option

a) Run Keyword
b) execute Keyword
c) Call Keyword
d) use Keyword

Answer 18

a) Run Keyword

 19.  What is the file format typically used for writing test cases in Robot Framework?

a) .robot or .txt
b) .java
c) .csv
d) .py

Answer 19

a) .robot or .txt

20. Can you integrate external libraries in Robot Framework?

Choose one option

a) Yes, it supports integration of various external libraries.
b) No, only built-in libraries are supported.
c) Yes, but only Java libraries.
d) No, only Python libraries are supported.

Answer 20

a) Yes, it supports integration of various external libraries.

21. In Robot Framework, what is the term used for a reusable set of test steps?

a) Test Suite
b) Test Log
c) Test Keyword
d) Test Case

Answer 21

c) Test Keyword

22. How can data-driven testing be implemented in Robot Framework?

a) Data Tables
b) Variable Files
c) Loops
d) Test Templates

Answer 22

d) Test Templates

23. What is the purpose of variables in Robot Framework?

a) To store test results
b) To control test execution flow
c) To enable parameterization and reuse of data
d) To format test logs

Answer 23

c) To enable parameterization and reuse of data

24. Which keyword is used for handling errors in Robot Framework?

a) Error Handler
b) Try
c) Fail
d) Run Keyword And Expect Error

Answer 24

 d) Run Keyword And Expect Error

25. What is the default behavior when a keyword fails in Robot Framework?

a) Skip the next keyword
b) Retry two times
c) Log the error and continue
d) Stop the test execution

Answer 25

d) Stop the test execution

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JMeter Multiple Choice Questions – MCQ2

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Welcome to the JMeter Quiz! This blog post features 25 multiple-choice questions that explore essential concepts of Performance Testing and JMeter.

1. A thread group does not provide the following control:

Select the best answer

a) Global International Track.
b) Global information Traffic.
c) Global information Tracker
d) None of the above

Answer 1

d) None of the above

These options do not correspond to functionalities or features typically associated with Thread Groups in JMeter.

2. Which of these protocols does not work with JMeter?

Choose one option

a) SOAP/REST
b) WPA/WPA2
c) SMTP/POP3
d) AMQP/MQTT

Answer 2

b) WPA/WPA2

3. During __ testing, different systems can be compared or a single system’s capabilities can be accurately measured in controlled lab conditions.

Choose one option

a) Load
b) Data
c) Stress
d)Reference

Answer 3

a) Load

4. What is the purpose of the Response Assertion in JMeter?

Choose one option

a) To validate the response time
b) To validate the response code
c) To validate the response data
d) To validate the response message

Answer 4

c) To validate the response data

Response Assertion is used to validate the data returned by the server in a response during a performance test. You can specify patterns of text, contents, or regular expressions that must appear in the response, ensuring that the expected data is being returned as part of the test execution.


5. Which component in JMeter is used to simulate a user’s request to a server?

Choose one option

a) Listener
b) Sampler
c) Pre-processor
d) Post-processor

Answer 5

b) Sampler

6. What is the main purpose of a ‘Listener’ in JMeter?

a) To play audio files
b) To provide a scripting environment
c) To display the results of a test
d) To manage user credentials

Answer 6

c) To display the results of a test

7. What is the purpose of ‘Assertions’ in JMeter?

a) To check whether a response contains certain data
b) To terminate the test plan
c) To format the output file
d) To configure user logins

Answer 7

a) To check whether a response contains certain data

8. Which of the following elements is used to add a delay in JMeter tests?

Choose one option

a) Controller
b) Timer
c) Pre-processor
d) Post-processor

Answer 8

b) Timer

9. In JMeter, which assertion is used to verify if a text exists in the response?

Choose one option

a) Size Assertion
b) Duration Assertion
c) XML Assertion
d) Response Assertion

Answer 9

d) Response Assertion

10. What is the function of the ‘Test Plan’ in JMeter?

Choose one option

a) To designate the order in which tests are executed
b) To manage the server logs
c) To write user documentation
d) To create database backups

Answer 10

a) To designate the order in which tests are executed

In JMeter, a Test Plan is a container for all test elements needed for executing performance tests. It defines the sequence and structure of the test, including Thread Groups, Samplers, Listeners, and other elements that form a comprehensive testing scenario.

11. Which of the following elements in JMeter is used to extract data from the response?

Choose one option

a) Timer
b) Sampler
c) Post-processor
d) Pre-processor

Answer11

c) Post-processor

12.  Which among the following is not a JMeter Sampler?

Choose one option

a) HTTP Request
b) Monitor Results
c) Debug Sampler
d) MongoDB Script

Answer 12

b) Monitor Results

13. Choose the INVALID timer in Jmeter.

Choose one option

a) Constant Timer
b) Uniform Random Timer
c) Gaussian Random Timer
d) Continue Timer

Answer 13

d) Continue Timer

14. Which configuration element should be used to import file data into variables?

Choose one option

a) Counter
b) Random Variable
c) CSV Data Set Config
d) Simple Config Element

Answer 14

c) CSV Data Set Config

15. You can control the order in which samplers are processed by __.

Choose one option

a) Samplers
b) Logic Controllers
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above

Answer 15

b) Logic Controllers

16. Which of the following is/are the logical controllers?

Choose one option

a) Runtime
b) IF
c) Transaction
d) All of the above

Answer 16

d) All of the above

17. Which of the following is/are the listener(s)?

Choose one option

a) Graph Results
b) Spline Visualizer
c) Assertion Results
d) All of the above

Answer 17

d) All of the above

18. Most commonly used configuration element(s) is/are –

Choose one option

a) HTTP Cache Manager
b) CSS Cache Manager
c) C++ Cache Manager
d) All of the above

Answer 18

a) HTTP Cache Manager

 19. Using the Listener element, you can view a visual representation of the data you received from your __ request.

a) Web
b) FTP
c) JMS
d) Database

Answer 19

a) Web

20. What is the full form of WSDL?

Choose one option

a) Web Service Description Language
b) Web Sample Description Language
c) Web Service Data Language
d) Web Sample Data Language

Answer 20

a) Web Service Description Language

21. Which of the following elements in JMeter is used to distribute the load across multiple servers?

Choose one option

a) Controller
b) Listener
c) Sampler
d) Configuration Element

Answer 21

a) Controller

The Controller element in JMeter is used to distribute the load across multiple servers by using the Distributed Testing feature.

22. In how many categories, controllers can be divided?

Choose one option

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer 22

b) 2

Controllers can be divided into 2 categories – Logic Controllers and Runtime Controllers

23. Which of the following elements in JMeter is used to monitor the test results in real-time?

Choose one option

a) Timer
b) Listener
c) Sampler
d) Controller

Answer 23

b) Listener

24. You’re carrying out a load test. Due to the session timeout, all samples fail after the login request. What is your option for dealing with this situation?

Choose one option

a) Add Cookie Manager
b) Add Header Manager
c) Add Footer Manager
d) Add Cache Manager

Answer 24

a) Add Cookie Manager

A Cookie Manager is essential for handling cookies, which are often used to track sessions on web applications. When you add a Cookie Manager to your test plan, it automatically manages cookies sent by the server and resends them with subsequent requests, allowing your simulated users to maintain their session throughout the test.

25. Which Controller tells JMeter to run once per thread?

Choose one option

a) While Controller
b) Loop Controller
c) ForEach Controller
d) All of the above

Answer 25

c) ForEach Controller

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